10th-century geographers

al-Masʿūdī (full name , ), –956, was a historian, geographer and traveler. He is sometimes referred to as the "Herodotus of the Arabs". A polymath and prolific author of over twenty works on theology, history (Islamic and universal), geography, natural science and philosophy, his celebrated magnum opus The Meadows of Gold () combines universal history with scientific geography, social commentary and biography.

'''Abu l-Abbas Ahmad bin Abi Ya'qub bin Ja'far bin Wahb bin Wadiḥ al-Ya'qubi (died 897/8), commonly referred to simply by his nisba al-Yaʿqubi''', was an Arab Muslim historian and geographer.

10th century Arab writer and geographer

Shams al-Din Abu Abd Allah Muhammad ibn Ahmad ibn Abi Bakr, commonly known by the nisba al-Maqdisi or al-Muqaddasī,, meaning Jerusalemite, was a medieval Arab geographer, author of The Best Divisions in the Knowledge of the Regions and Description of Syria (Including Palestine).

Persian geographer and astronomer

Historian and geographer

Medieval Arab scholar

navigator of Al-Andalus

Andalusían historian and geographer

Arabic seafarer from the early 10th century