12th-century Arabic-language books

novel by Ibn Tufail

The Kuzari, full title Book of Refutation and Proof on Behalf of the Despised Religion (; : ''Kitâb al-ḥujja wa'l-dalîl fi naṣr al-dîn al-dhalîl), also known as the Book of the Khazar (: Sefer ha-Kuzari''), is one of the most famous works of the medieval Spanish Jewish philosopher, physician, and poet Judah Halevi, completed in the Hebrew year 4900 (1139-40CE).

book by Fakhr al-Din al-Razi

Al-Hidayah fi Sharh Bidayat al-Mubtadi (d. 593 AH/1197 CE) (, al-Hidāyah fī Sharḥ Bidāyat al-Mubtadī), commonly referred to as al-Hidayah (lit. "the guidance", also spelled Hedaya), is a 12th-century legal manual by Burhan al-Din al-Marghinani, which is considered to be one of the most influential compendium of Hanafi jurisprudence (fiqh). It has been subject of numerous commentaries.

book by al-Zamakhsharī

book by Abū al-Fatḥ al-Shahrastānī

book by Qadi Ayyad

book by ʿAbd-ar-Raḥmān Ibn-ʿAlī Ibn-al-Ǧauzī containing a collection of purportedly fabricated hadiths

book by ʿAbd-al-Ġanī Ibn-ʿAbd-al-Wāḥid al-Ǧammāʿīlī

memoir by Usama ibn Munqidh

'''''Al-Kashshaaf 'an Haqa'iq at-Tanzil, popularly known as Al-Kashshaaf''''' () is a seminal tafsir (commentary on the Qur'an) by Al-Zamakhshari written in the 12th century. Considered a primary source by major scholars, it is famous for its deep linguistic analysis, demonstrations of the supremacy of declamation of the Qur'an, and the representation of the method the Qur'an uses to convey meaning using literary elements and figurative speech. However, it is criticized for the inclusion of Muʿtazilah philosophical views.

80-volume book by historian Ibn Asakir

thumb|Page from Averroes' Colliget

12th-century book by Al-Kasani

Theological book

book by Abū Bakr ibn al-ʻArabī

medieval Middle-Eastern manuscript

Islamic creed treatise