12th-century Arabic-language writers

Moses ben Maimon (died 12 December 1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam, was a Sephardic Jewish rabbi who is widely acknowledged as one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages. Originally from Córdoba, where he was born on Passover Eve of 1135 or 1138, his family was exiled from Muslim-ruled Spain when they refused to convert to Islam shortly after the Almohad Caliphate conquered the Almoravid dynasty in 1148. Over the course of the next two decades, Maimonides resided in Fez, Acre, Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Cairo

Andalusian Arab traveller who travelled around eastern and central Europe, and wrote about his travels in travelogue

Arab scholar of Maliki fiqh (1083–1149)

12th-century Islamic scholar

Al-Andalus poet and teacher

Andalusian traditionalist and biographer

Qasmūna bint Ismāʿil (; ), sometimes called Xemone, was an Iberian Jewish poet. She is the only female Arabic-language Jewish poet attested from al-Andalus, and, along with Sarah of Yemen and the anonymous wife of Dunash ben Labrat, one of few known female Jewish poets throughout the Middle Ages.

secretary and chief counsellor to Saladin (1135–1200)

Al-Andalus poet

12th-century Iraqi Arab official and Hanbali jurist

Artephius (or Artefius) (c. 1150) is a writer to whom a number of alchemical texts are ascribed. Although the roots of the texts are unclear and the identity of their author obscure, at least some of them are Arabic in origin. He is named as the author of several books, the Ars sintrillia, Clavis sapientiae or Clavis maioris sapientiae, and Liber secretus.

Abū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn ʿAlī ibn Muḥammad al-Tanūkhī (), commonly known as al-ʿAẓīmī (1090–post-1161) was an Arab chronicler of the history of Aleppo.

Islamic scholar, mystic, and theologian

Egyptian poet, writer & administrator in Ayyubid dynasty

Al-Andalus poet

physician who wrote The Book of Simple Medicine

Mutazili and Hanafi theologian

Jewish writer

12th-century Arabic poet of Later Abbasid Era

Iranian linguist

Al-Andalus Muslim astronomer

12th-century Nestorian Christian author

Islamic writer during third Crusade times

Muslim chemist and author of the The Golden Spangle (Shudur al-dahab)

Al-Andulusian historian