1539 births

Italian Jesuit missionary

Swiss printmaker (1539-1591)

Italian theologian

Austrian archduchess

Elector Palatine

Regent of East Frisia; Swedish princess, writer

Japanese painter (1539-1610)

Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach, Regent of Prussia (1539-1603)

daimyo

French soil scientist

Premier in the Joseon Dynasty (1539-1609)

third wife of the Mughal Emperor Akbar (1539–1613)

French lawyer and scholar (1539-1596)

Doge of Venice (1539-1618)

Polish princess

Italian noble and admiral (1539-1606)

Duke of Nevers, Italian-French prince (1539-1595)

Electress Palatine by marriage

Samurai who served Tokugawa Ieyasu

1st Earl of Hertford (1539-1621)

Flemish orientalist, text editor, printer, professor (1539-1597)

Diplomat of Mōri clan

German noble

Mahinthrathirat (, , ; 1539–1569) was King of Ayutthaya from 1564 to 1568 and again in 1569. He ruled his first reign as a vassal of Toungoo Burma before restoring his father in 1568 as the sovereign king. He became king again in 1569 after his father's death during the Third Siege of Ayutthaya by Toungoo forces. Mahinthrathirat was the last monarch of the Suphannaphum Dynasty as the kingdom fell to the Burmese in 1569. Mahinthrathirat was known for his efforts to counter Burmese and Phitsanulok power by seeking alliance with Setthathirath of Lan Xang.

Swiss artist (1539-1584)

Spanish lexicographer and cryptographer (1539-1613)

German composer (1539-1602)

Khagan of the Northern Yuan Dynasty

Samurai and one of the Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen

Polish-Lithuanian nobleman

daimyo

Cambodian king (1576-1584)

daimyo

Countess of Nassau

thrice Duke of Legnica: 1551-1556 (under regency), 1559–1576 and 1580-1581

Italian writer

Italian military engineer

Mistress of Duke of Sweden

apostolic nuncio

Flemish poet

Polish archbishop

Roman Catholic prelate

Polish astronomer

Bohemian noble (1539-1611)

Italian sculptor, architect, engineer and friar

German theologian

Italian aristocrat

Spanish sailor and cartographer

Italian historian and physician (1539-1607)

Italian writer

Scottish writer

Italian painter (1539-1613)

samurai

French theologian (1539-1610)