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1559 deaths

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Paul IV
pope of catholic church 1555-1559
Henry II of France
King of France from 1547 to 1559 (1519–1559)
Christian II of Denmark
king of Denmark, Norway and Sweden
Christian III of Denmark
king of Denmark and Norway
Isabella Jagiellon
Queen Consort of Hungary
Michele Sanmicheli
Italian architect (1484–1559)
Robert Estienne
16th-century printer and classical scholar in Paris
Ercole II d'Este, Duke of Ferrara
Italian noble (1508-1559)
Beyhan Sultan
Ottoman princess, daughter of Sultan Selim I
Wen Zhengming
chinese painter, calligrapher and poet from the Ming dynasty (1470-1559)
Otto Henry
Count Palatine of Neuburg from 1505 to 1559
Frances Grey, Duchess of Suffolk
English duchess
Adam Ries
German mathematician
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Italian painter (1481–1559)
Christina Gyllenstierna
Noblewoman of Sweden and leader of resistance to Christian II of Denmark (1494-1559)
Realdo Colombo
Italian physician
Lorenzo Priuli
Doge of Venice (1489-1559)
Kanō Motonobu
Japanese painter (1476-1559)
William I, Count of Nassau-Siegen
German count (1487-1559)
Mircea the Shepherd
Voivode of Wallachia
Cuthbert Tunstall
English bishop, administrator and royal advisor
Yang Shen
Ming Dynasty poet (1488-1559)
Jan Cornelisz Vermeyen
Dutch painter (c. 1504 – 1559)
Francis Otto, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg
Prince of Luneberg 1555-1559
Gelawdewos
Galawdewos (, 1521/1522 – 23 March 1559), also known as Claudius in European sources, was Emperor of Ethiopia from 3 September 1540 until his death in 1559, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. His throne name was Atsnaph Sagad I (Ge'ez: አጽናፍ ሰገድ). A male line descendant of medieval Amhara kings, he was a younger son of Dawit II and Seble Wongel.
Sikandar Shah Suri
Sur ruler
Johann Gropper
Catholic cardinal
Theophanes the Cretan
Icon painter from Crete (died 1559)
Irene di Spilimbergo
Italian painter (1538-1559)
Andrés Laguna
Spanish botanist (1499-1559)
Roberto de' Nobili
Italian cardinal
Juan Ladrillero
Spanish explorer
Philip III of Nassau-Weilburg
Count of Nassau-Weilburg (1523-1559)
Fernão Lopes de Castanheda
Portuguese historian
Antoine Sanguin
Catholic cardinal
Luigi Lippomano
Catholic cardinal
Christoph Weiditz the Elder
German painter, sculptor, engraver, medallist and goldsmith (1498–1559)
Giovanni da Nola
15th-16th century Italian Renaissance sculptor and architect
Jacquet of Mantua
French composer
Antonio Trivulzio, iuniore
Italian cardinal
Jacob Milich
German astronomer and mathematician (1501-1559)
Martin du Bellay
French memorialist
Anne du Bourg
French magistrat (1521-1559)
Giovanni Battista Consiglieri
Italian Cardinal
Conn O'Neill, 1st Earl of Tyrone
1st Earl of Tyrone
George van Egmond
Dutch bishop
Sebastián Fox Morcillo
Spanish scholar and philosopher
Andreas Aurifaber
German physician, professor, Protestant theologian and physicist (1513/14-1559)
William IV, Count of Henneberg-Schleusingen
Count of Henneberg (1480-1559)
Alessandro Pasqualini
Italian architect
Girolamo Dandini
Catholic cardinal (1509-1599)
Pietro Giovanni Chiavica Cibo
politician
Virgilio Rosario
Italian cardinal
Quispe Sisa
Inca royal
Yūki Masakatsu
Japanese samurai and daimyo of the Sengoku period
Girolamo Recanati Capodiferro
Italian cardinal
Petrus Dasypodius
Swiss humanist
François Douaren
French jurist
Matthias Garbitius
German philologist
Nicolas Payen
franco-Flemish composer