1580s births

Japanese swordsman, philosopher, strategist, writer, artist, and rōnin (1584–1645)

Sultan of Aceh

Dutch painter (1580—1666)

Consort of Ahmed, Valide Sultan and regent of Murad IV and Ibrahim I, grandmother and regent of Mehmed IV

Tsar of Russia (1605–1606)

Ambundu queen in Angola (c. 1583–1663)

Portuguese philosopher (c.1585-1640)

Spanish writer, from New Spain

third director-general of New Netherland, founder of the Swedish colony of New Sweden in 1638 (1580–1638)

Ruthenian Catholic archbishop, martyr and saint

pretender to the Russian throne

Dutch mariner and explorer (c.1585–1616)

(1588-1614) Tsaritsa of Russia, 1606

English writer

German noble and military commander (c.1580-1626)

Flemish painter (1594-1657)

Japanese swordsman

Italian painter (1581-1644)

Dutch painter and engraver (c.1589-c.1638)

Dutch spectacle maker and microscope inventor

Greek scholar, theologian, and keeper of the Vatican library (1586–1669)

Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks

English-born explorer, farmer, and merchant

Italian painter (c.1589–1623)

French architect (1585–1654)

painter from the Northern Netherlands (1583–1632)

Ottoman prince, son of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed III

Chinese painter and printer (1584–1674)

painter from the Northern Netherlands (1589-1662)

pretender to the Russian throne

Swiss Jesuit mathematician and astronomer (1585-1657)

Italian composer

thumb|1904 photo of Profile Rock in [[Assonet, Massachusetts; local Wampanoags believe it represents Massasoit.]] Massasoit Sachem ( ) or Ousamequin (1661) was the sachem or leader of the Wampanoag confederacy. Massasoit means Great Sachem. Although Massasoit was only his title, English colonists mistook it as his name and it stuck.

17th century Italian Baroque painter (1586–1656)

German-Italian virtuoso performer and composer

noblewoman of the Safavid Empire of Iran

Swedish Governor-General (1587-1643)

British nobleman and politician (1587–1645)

English musician and editor

English Jacobean dramatist (1585-1626)

Italian physician noted for the discovery of the lacteal vessels of the lymphatic system

Italian composer and singer

Italian composer

German astronomer (1580–1627)

English soldier, diplomat and adventurer (c.1581-1628)

Irish soldier

European braggart, self claimed to be the Son of Ottoman Sultan Mehmed III

Scottish soldier in Dutch, Swedish and Scottish service (1580-1661)

English-born Bohemian poet (1580s–1612)

Founder of the 'Alawi dynasty

Flemish painter (c.1580-1623)

English diplomat (1581-1644)

5th Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies

French orientalist

painter from the Northern Netherlands (1585–1657)

Italian lawyer and astronomer

Scottish mathematician

Italian composer and organist

Hungarian jesuit

Flemish painter (1586–1643)