1581 deaths

Mahidevran Hatun (; – 3 February 1581) also known as Gülbahar Hatun, (, meaning "spring rose"), was a concubine of Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent of the Ottoman Empire and the mother of Şehzade Mustafa.

The fourth Guru of Sikhism

Bayinnaung Kyawhtin Nawrahta; 16 January 1516 – 10 October 1581), personal name Maung Yeh Htut (ရှင်ရဲထွတ်), was King of Burma from 30 April 1550 until his death in 1581, during the Toungoo dynasty. His reign is considered one of the most momentous in Burmese history, famously described as "the greatest explosion of human energy ever seen in Burma". During his rule, he assembled the largest empire in Southeast Asian history, which encompassed much of present-day Myanmar, as well as the Shan States, Lan Na, Lan Xang, Manipur, and the Ayutthaya Kingdom.

English Jesuit priest, martyr and saint

daughter of Emperor Ferdinand I from the House of Habsburg and Anna Jagiello (1531–1581)

16th century Russian tsarevich

French linguist, astronomer, diplomat and professor (1510–1581)

voivode of Transylvania

German duke

Lord of Monaco (1522-1581)

Spanish Dominican missionary and saint

Princess of Württemberg by birth, and by marriage, Landgravine of Hesse-Kassel (1549-1581)

Flemish painter (1545–1581)

Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller

Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller

Regent of Scotland

Spanish conquistador

Sultan of Brunei

French diplomat and polemist (1518-1581)

Spanish mathematician and theologian

Archbishop of Poland

Italian Roman Catholic bishop and cardinal

German theologian

Danish admiral

French composer of the Renaissance

politician

Jesuit martyr

French dramatist

English Roman Catholic martyr and saint (1550-1581)

Dutch stadtholder (1536-1581)

Belgian jurist

Catholic cardinal

Portuguese humanist

German theologian

Spanish theologian

Dutch humanist

British priest

samurai

tapestry maker from the Southern Netherlands (1512–1581)

Priest and grammarian

German serial killer

Daimyo who ruled a region in southern Higo Province

atabeg of Samtskhe

English diplomat, judge, and privy councillor in the government of Elizabeth I (1524-1581)

German theologian and writer (1514-1581)

Flemish composer

ruler of Marwar

French writer

Sri Lankan King

Flemish painter, active 1549-1575 (1524–1581)

German physician (1520–1581)

king of Kandy

French abbot

German astronomer (1529-1581)

Metropolitan of Moscow

Bishop of Ely

daimyo of the Sengoku period

King of Lan Na

Portuguese Dominican theologian

16th-century Persian statesman