1638 births

King of France and of Navarre from 1643 to 1715 (1638-1715)

French philosopher

Pioneer in anatomy and geology, bishop (1638–1686)

Qing Dynasty emperor of China (1638–1661)

Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (1638–1705)

Queen Consort of France (1660-1683)

Scottish mathematician and astronomer

Italian painter (1638-1665)

Dutch painter (1638-1709)

emperor of Japan

Zeb-un-Nissa () (15 February 1638 – 26 May 1702) was a Mughal princess and the eldest child of Emperor Aurangzeb and his chief consort, Dilras Banu Begum. She was also a poet, who wrote under the pseudonym of Makhfi (, "Hidden, Disguised, Concealed One").

German classical scholar

French Benedictine monk and inventor of champagne

Dutch botanist and anatomist (1638-1731)

Italian noblewoman

Austrian field marshal (1638-1701)

Metacomet (c. 1638 in Massachusetts – August 12, 1676), also known as Pometacom, Metacom, and by his adopted English name King Philip, was sachem (elected chief) to the Wampanoag people from 1662–1676, and the second son of the sachem Massasoit. Metacomet became sachem after Massasoit's death. Metacomet was killed on August 12, 1676, near Mount Hope, Rhode Island. Scholars say his death marked the end of King Phillip's War (1675–1678).

Dutch painter (1638-1698)

Biblical critic (1638–1712)

French botanist (1638-1715)

French writer, poet, salonnière (1638–1694)

Count Palatine of Gelnhausen (1638-1704)

Danish noble and general (1638-1704)

German noblemen, titular Duke of Mecklenburg

German noble

French botanist (1638-1718)

Italian writer and historian

French officer and author (1638-1720)

Abbesses of Quedlinburg (1638-1683)

(1638-1687)

Jesuit priest and scientist 1638-1723 (1638–1725)

German physician and scholar

Prince of Anhalt-Köthen (1638-1665)

engraver (1638–1705)

Qing Dynasty empress

Spanish hermit priest

French writer

German mystic (1638-1710)

17th century Italian composer and violinist

thumb|Lasse Lucidor as imagined in 1849. thumb|right|The front page of "Helicons blomster", the posthumous collection of poems by the poet Lucidor, published in 1688. thumb|right|Front page of funeral poem for the young boy Sven Edenius.

Duchess of Saxe-Weimar (1638-1679)

Italian painter (1638-1721)

Spanish cardinal

British nobleman and politician (1638-1711)

politician (1638-1721)

Ottoman grand vizier

Spanish noble (1638-1692)

Flemish painter (1638-1685)

Italian painter (1638-1709)

French writer

Bhutnaese king (1638-1696)

Dutch politician and noble (1638–1707)

Dutch anatomist (1638–1693)

French colonial governor (1638–1710)

Spanish Neogranadine painter (1638-1711)

Dutch minister (1638-1708)

German noble

French actor, playwright and writer

Spanish baroque painter (1638-1688)

Portuguese composer (1638-1700)