16th-century births

16/17th-century French explorer of North America

British explorer

English composer (ca. 1540-1623)

(1571-1619) German-Dutch spectacle-maker

Czech rabbi

Tatar Khan, Grand Prince of Rus

Italian painter

English composer, virginalist and organist (1583-1625)

slave concubine of Ottoman Sultan Ahmed I, mother of Osman II

16th century French printer and classical scholar

Tisquantum (; 1585 (±10 years?) – November 30, 1622 O.S.), more commonly known as Squanto (), was a member of the Patuxet tribe of Wampanoags, best known for being an early liaison between the Native American population in Southern New England and the Mayflower Pilgrims who made their settlement at the site of Tisquantum's former summer village, now Plymouth, Massachusetts. The Patuxet tribe had lived on the western coast of Cape Cod Bay, but were wiped out by an epidemic, traditionally assumed to be smallpox brought by previous European explorers; however, recent findings suggest that the dis

Siberian Tatar Khan of Sibir from 1563 to 1598

16th Inca Emperor under the crown of Spain

Venetian painter (1548/50-1628)

Basque explorer, adventurer, soldier, explorer, memorialist, authorized by Pope Urban VIII to dress like a man

Russian bishop

French composer

Spanish conquistador

Flemish painter (1510-1576)

Firishta or Ferešte (), full name Muhammad Qasim Hindu Shah Astarabadi (), was a Persian historian, who later settled in India and served the Deccan Sultans as their court historian. He was born in 1570 and died between 1611 and 1623.

French composer

daimyo

Sultan of Bijapur

1509-1550 daughter of Moctezuma II and Teotlalco

Portuguese explorer and colonial administrator (1585–1641)

Ukrainian Cossack hetman

official in the Mughal empire

Russian tsaritsa

Royal Navy officer and explorer

Tsarina of All Russia

18th Inca Emperor under the crown of Spain, last Inca Emperor

Ottoman grand vizier (1501–1604)

Ekathotsarot (, , ) or Sanphet III (); 1560 – 1610/11) was the King of Ayutthaya from 1605 to 1610/11 and overlord of Lan Na from 1605 to 1608/09, succeeding his brother Naresuan. His reign was mostly peaceful as Siam was a powerful state through the conquests of Naresuan. It was also during his reign that foreigners of various origin began to fill the mercenary corps. In particular, the king had a regiment of professional Japanese guards under the command of Yamada Nagamasa.

English globemaker (died 1598)

Novohispanic Mexican historian (1569-1650)

Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople

fourth daughter of Safavid king Tahmasp I (r. 1524-1576)

Italian theorist of painting (1508–1568)

Ecumenical Patriarch of Constantinople from 1602 to 1603 and 1607 to 1612

Franco-Flemish composer

or , baptized as Paulo de Santa Fé, was the first recorded Japanese Christian, who lived in the 16th century. After committing a murder in his home domain of Satsuma in southern Kyushu, he fled to Portuguese Malacca and he sought out Saint Francis Xavier (1506–1552) and returned to Japan with him as an interpreter. Along with Xavier, Anjirō returned to Japan with two other Jesuits, two Japanese companions, and a Chinese companion who had been baptized to Catholicism to form the first Jesuit mission to Japan.

Prince of Wallachia and prince of Moldavia

German chronicler (1600-1634)

Patriarch of Constantinople

King of Kongo 1568-1587

French composer

English dramatist

French countess

Patriarch of Constantinople

was king of the kingdom of Kongo from 1561 to 1566

Scottish midwife, executed as a witch

German artist (1550-1599)

Russian noble

Voivode of Moldavia

King of the kingdom of Kongo from March 1587 to August 1614

Christian martyrs

French medical doctor and anatomist (1580-1657)

Polish poet and writer

Dutch painter (1550-1605)