16th-century introductions

thumb|The door to All Saints' Church, Wittenberg|All Saints' Church in [[Wittenberg, where Martin Luther posted his Ninety-five Theses in 1517 detailing his concerns with what he saw as the Catholic Church's abuse and corruption. The Ninety-five Theses gave rise to Christian Protestantism as one of the world's primary religions, making Wittenberg the "cradle of Protestantism".]]

The violin, sometimes referred to as a fiddle, is a wooden chordophone, and is the smallest, and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in regular use in the violin family. Smaller violin-type instruments exist, including the violino piccolo and the pochette, but these are virtually unused. Most violins have a hollow wooden body, and commonly have four strings (sometimes five), usually tuned in perfect fifths with notes G3, D4, A4, E5, and are most commonly played by drawing a bow across the strings. The violin can also be played by plucking the strings with the fingers (pizzicato) and, in

thumb|Lutheran priest elevation (liturgy)|elevating the host during the Mass at [[Alsike Church, Sweden]]

thumb|A government-issued M1911 pistol manufactured in 1911 used by [[Squeaky Fromme in her assassination attempt of President Gerald Ford|alt=Blued steel Colt Model 1911 semi-automatic pistol shown in left profile, with dark wooden grip panels, exposed hammer, and engraved slide markings; serial number visible on the frame, against a light background.]]

A gnome () is a mythological creature and diminutive spirit in Renaissance magic and alchemy, introduced by Paracelsus in the 16th century and widely adopted by authors, including those of modern fantasy literature. They are typically depicted as small humanoids who live underground. Gnome characteristics are reinterpreted to suit various storytellers and artists.

400px|thumb|The Magellan-Elcano expedition was the first circumnavigation of the Earth. Circumnavigation is the complete navigation around an entire island, continent, or astronomical body (e.g. a planet or moon). This article focuses on the circumnavigation of Earth.

thumb|A modern sans-serif and four blackletter typefaces (left to right): Textur(a), Rotunda, [[Schwabacher and Fraktur.]]

cookie made from gingerbread in the shape of a human

thumb|11. Air-people, wind-men, sylphs A sylph (also called sylphid) is an air spirit stemming from the 16th-century works of Paracelsus, who describes sylphs as (invisible) beings of the air, his elementals of air. A significant number of subsequent literary and occult works have been inspired by Paracelsus's concept: Robert Alfred Vaughan noted that "the wild but poetical fantasies" of Paracelsus had probably exercised a larger influence over his age and the subsequent one than is generally supposed, particularly on the Rosicrucians, but that through the 18th century they had become reduced

Pempek, mpek-mpek, or, colloquially, empek-empek, is a savory Indonesian fishcake, made of fish and tapioca, from Palembang, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Pempek is served with a rich sweet and sour sauce called kuah cuka or kuah cuko (), or just "cuko". Sometimes local people also eat the dish with yellow noodles and diced cucumber to balance out the vinegar's sourness, or adding chili powder to give the vinegar spiciness.

idea of unavoidably hostile relations and mutual revanchism between Germans and French people

Chinese martial art created by the Chen family

cleansing myth

philological study of Germanic languages

1535 galleon of the Portuguese Navy

thumb|Soldier with a barsha A barcha, barsha or brchha is a type of lance with a wooden handle, once common in South Asia (the word itself is Hindi). They were common in the 16th century. ==Use in combat== The weapon found itself very handy with the emerging Marathas in the early seventeenth century. It was lighter to carry in the mountainous terrain and easier to manufacture. A skilled spearman (bhalaeet) could keep a heavily armed foot soldier at bay. With his slashing and thrusting motions, he could inflict much damage while surrounded by a number of swordsmen. The illustrious use of this w