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1709 deaths

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Ivan Mazepa
Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks from 1687 to 1708
Giuseppe Torelli
Italian violist, violinist, teacher and composer (1658–1709)
Andrea Pozzo
painter of the Late Baroque (1642-1709)
Meindert Hobbema
Dutch painter (1638-1709)
Jean-François Regnard
French writer (1655-1709)
Tokugawa Tsunayoshi
The fifth shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan (1646-1709)
Abraham a Sancta Clara
German writer and Augustinian Monk (1644-1709)
Thomas Corneille
French dramatist (1625-1709)
Landgravine Elisabeth Amalie of Hesse-Darmstadt
electress Palatine (1635-1709)
Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland
English royal mistress from the Villiers family (1640-1709)
Giovanni Battista Gaulli
Italian painter of the late Baroque (1639-1709)
George Rooke
Royal Navy admiral (1650-1709)
François Louis, Prince of Conti
French prince
Dimitry of Rostov
Orthodox monk, archbishop and saint (1651-1709)
Frederick VII, Margrave of Baden-Durlach
Margrave of Baden-Durlach from 1677 until his death
Henri Jules, Prince of Condé
prince of Conde (1643-1709)
Edward Lhuyd
Welsh antiquarian, linguist and scientist (1660-1709)
Alvise II Mocenigo
Doge of Venice (1628-1709)
Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
German princess
François de La Chaise
French Jesuit priest (1624-1709)
Emmanuel Philibert, Prince of Carignano
Prince of Savoy
George XI of Kartli
Georgian king of Kartli (1651–1709)
William Bentinck, 1st Earl of Portland
Dutch and English nobleman (1649-1709)
Yi Sŏu
Korean scholar (1633-1709)
Nicola Saggio
Italian Minim
Louise Hollandine of the Palatinate
German artist (1622-1709)
Anne de Rohan-Chabot
French princess (1648-1709)
Heraclius I of Kakheti
king of Kakheti (1675—1676, 1703—1709) and Kartli (1688—1703)
Pascal Collasse
French composer (1649-1709)
Roger de Piles
French painter (1635-1709)
Johann Friedrich Schweitzer
Dutch alchemist (1630-1709)
Sir Godfrey Copley, 2nd Baronet
British landowner and MP. (1653-1709)
Cristoforo Caresana
Italian composer
Shō Tei
11th king of the Ryukyu Kingdom
Grzegorz Antoni Ogiński
Polish-Lithuanian noble (1654-1709)
Luis Manuel Fernández de Portocarrero
Catholic cardinal (1635-1709)
Gustaf Adlerfelt
Swedish historian (1671-1709)
Thierry Ruinart
French historian (1657-1709)
François Mauriceau
French obstetrician
Johann Ernst von Thun
Catholic archbishop
Alexander Mavrocordatos
Greek physician and Dragoman of the Porte (1636-1709)
Kam Bakhsh
Mughal prince
Suriyenthrathibodi
King Suriyenthrathibodi () or Luang Sorasak ()—was originally named Duea or Maduea (, มะเดื่อ), and King Chulalongkorn later issued a royal judgement identifying his regnal name as Sanphet VIII (). He was the 29th monarch of the Ayutthaya Kingdom and the second king of the Ban Phlu Luang dynasty, the last dynasty of Ayutthaya.
Gabriel Nicolas de la Reynie
French police chief (1625-1709)
Israel Kolmodin
Swedish hymnwriter and priest
Maximilian Emanuel of Württemberg-Winnental
German noble
William Cowper
English surgeon and anatomist
Bonne de Pons d'Heudicourt
Mistress to French king
William Louis, Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode
Prince of Anhalt-Harzgerode
Claude Poullart des Places
French priest (1679-1709)
Levan of Kartli
King of Kartli (c. 1653-1709)
Gunno Dahlstierna
Swedish poet
Zhu Yizun
writer and poet (1629-1709)
Marcello d'Aste
Italian cardinal
Salomon Adler
German painter (1630-1709)
Antonio Franchi
Italian painter (1638-1709)
Louis de Duras, 2nd Earl of Feversham
French noble
Ralph Montagu, 1st Duke of Montagu
English politician (1638-1709)
Eleanor Glanville
English entomologist (1654-1709)
Trịnh Căn
4th Trịnh lord