1790 establishments in France

Ain (; ; ) is a French department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, Eastern France. Named after the Ain river, it is bordered by the Saône and Rhône rivers. Ain is on the country's eastern edge, on the Swiss border, where it borders the cantons of Geneva and Vaud. In 2023 it had a population of 679,344.

Seine-Maritime () is a department of France in the Normandy region of northern France. It is situated on the northern coast of France, at the mouth of the Seine, and includes the cities of Rouen and Le Havre. Until 1955 it was named Seine-Inférieure. It had a population of 1,260,964 in 2023.

Isère ( ; ; ; , ) is a landlocked department in the southeastern French region of Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Named after the river Isère, it had a population of 1,298,990 in 2023. Its prefecture is Grenoble. It borders Rhône to the northwest, Ain to the north, Savoie to the east, Hautes-Alpes to the south, Drôme and Ardèche to the southwest and Loire to the west.

Gironde ( , US usually ; ; , ) is the largest department in the southwestern French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine. Named after the Gironde estuary, a major waterway, its prefecture is Bordeaux. In 2023, it had a population of 1,690,493. The famous Bordeaux wine region is in Gironde. It has six arrondissements, making it one of the departments with the most arrondissements (Nord also has six, while Pas-de-Calais has the most of any department, with seven).

The Morbihan ( ; ; ) is a department in the administrative region of Brittany, situated in the northwest of France. It is named after the Morbihan (small sea in Breton), the enclosed sea that is the principal feature of the coastline. It had a population of 783,390 in 2023. It is noted for its Carnac stones, which predate and are more extensive than the Stonehenge monument in Wiltshire, England.

Ille-et-Vilaine (; ; ) is a department of France, located in the region of Brittany in the northwest of the country. It is named after its two main rivers, the Ille and the Vilaine. It had a population of 1,120,666 in 2023.

Allier ( , ; ; ) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region that borders Cher to the west, Nièvre to the north, Saône-et-Loire and Loire to the east, Puy-de-Dôme to the south, and Creuse to the south-west. Named after the river Allier, it had a population of 333,298 in 2023. Moulins is the prefecture; Montluçon and Vichy are the subprefectures. Its INSEE and post code is 03.

The Pas-de-Calais (, 'strait of Calais'; ; ) is a department in northern France named after the French designation of the Strait of Dover, which it borders. It has the most communes of all the departments of France, with 887, and is the 8th most populous. It had a population of 1,457,905 in 2023. The Calais Passage connects to the Port of Calais on the English Channel. The Pas-de-Calais borders the departments of Nord and Somme and is connected to the English county of Kent via the Channel Tunnel.

Bouches-du-Rhône ( ; , ; ; "the Mouths of the Rhône") is a department in southern France. It borders Vaucluse to the north, Gard to the west and Var to the east. The Mediterranean Sea lies to the south. Its prefecture and largest city is Marseille; other important cities include Aix-en-Provence, Arles, Martigues and Aubagne.

French department

French department in Hauts-de-France

Haute-Garonne (; , ; Upper Garonne) is a department in the southwestern French region of Occitanie. Named after the river Garonne, which flows through the department. Its prefecture and main city is Toulouse, the country's fourth-largest. In 2023, it had a population of 1,471,468.

Aisne ( , ; ; ) is a French department in the Hauts-de-France region of northern France. It is named after the river Aisne. In 2023, it had a population of 523,342.

Pyrénées-Orientales (; ; ; ), also known as Northern Catalonia, is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France, adjacent to the northern Spanish frontier and the Mediterranean Sea. It borders the departments of Ariège to the northwest and Aude to the north, the Mediterranean Sea to the east and the Spanish province of Girona in Catalonia to the south and the country of Andorra to the west. It also surrounds the tiny Spanish exclave of Llívia, and thus has two distinct borders with Spain. In 2023, it had a population of 496,855. Some parts of the Pyrénées-Orientales (like the Cerda

Aude ( ; ; ) is a department in southern France, located in Occitania and named after the river Aude. The departmental council also calls it "Cathar Country" (French: Pays cathare) after a group of religious dissidents active in the 12th to 14th centuries.

Hautes-Alpes (; ; ) is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of Southeastern France. It is located in the heart of the French Alps, after which it is named. Hautes-Alpes had a population of 143,467 as of 2023, which makes it the third least populated French department. Its prefecture is Gap; its sole subprefecture is Briançon. Its INSEE and postal code is 05.

Oise ( ; ; ) is a department in the north of France. It is named after the river Oise. Inhabitants of the department are called Oisiens () or Isariens, after the Latin name for the river, Isara. It had a population of 829,899 in 2023.

Hérault (; , ) is a department of the region of Occitania, Southern France. Named after the river Hérault, its prefecture is Montpellier. It had a population of 1,230,289 in 2023.

Loire-Atlantique (; Gallo: Louére-Atantique; ; before 1957: Loire-Inférieure, ) is a department in Pays de la Loire on the west coast of France, named after the river Loire and the Atlantic Ocean. It had a population of 1,487,570 in 2023.

Haut-Rhin () is a department in the Grand Est region, France, bordering both Germany and Switzerland. It is named after the river Rhine. Its name means Upper Rhine. Haut-Rhin is the smaller and less populated of the two departments of the former administrative Alsace region, the other being Bas-Rhin (Lower Rhine), especially after the 1871 cession of the southern territory known since 1922 as the Territoire de Belfort, although it is still rather densely populated compared to the rest of metropolitan France. It had a population of 770,738 in 2023.

The '''Côtes-d'Armor ( , ; ; , ), formerly known as Côtes-du-Nord''' until 1990 (, ), is a department in the north of Brittany, in northwestern France. In 2023, it had a population of 611,859.

Loiret (; ) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of north-central France. It takes its name from the river Loiret, which is contained wholly within the department. In 2023, Loiret had a population of 691,268.

Manche (; ; Norman: ) is a coastal French department in Normandy on the English Channel, which is known as , literally "the sleeve", in French. Manche is bordered by Ille-et-Vilaine and Mayenne to the south, Orne and Calvados to the east, the English Channel to the west and north and by sharing maritime borders with the Crown Dependencies of Bailiwick of Jersey and Bailiwick of Guernsey of the United Kingdom to the west. It had a population of 497,522 in 2023.

Charente-Maritime (; Poitevin-Saintongeais: Chérente-Marine; ) is a department in the French region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, on the country's west coast. Named after the river Charente, its prefecture is La Rochelle. As of 2023, it had a population of 672,279, with an area of 6,864 square kilometres (2,650 sq mi).

Dordogne ( , or ; ; ) is a large rural department in southwest France, with its prefecture in Périgueux. Located in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region roughly half-way between the Loire Valley and the Pyrenees, it is named after the river Dordogne, which runs through it. It corresponds roughly to the ancient county of Périgord. In January 2023, Dordogne had a population of 417,614.

Eure ( ; ; or ) is a department in the administrative region of Normandy, northwestern France, named after the river Eure. Its prefecture is Évreux. In 2023, Eure had a population of 602,714.

Indre-et-Loire () is a department in west-central France named after the Indre River and Loire River. In 2023, it had a population of 619,362. Sometimes referred to as Touraine, the name of the historic region, it is nowadays part of the Centre-Val de Loire region. Its prefecture is Tours and subprefectures are Chinon and Loches. Indre-et-Loire is a touristic destination for its numerous monuments that are part of the Châteaux of the Loire Valley.

Aube ( ) is a French department in the Grand Est region of northeastern France. As with sixty departments in France, this department is named after a river: the Aube. It has 310,447 inhabitants (2023). The inhabitants of the department are known as Aubois or Auboises.

Bas-Rhin () is a department in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est region of France. The name means 'Lower Rhine', referring to its lower altitude among the two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort. The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,163,810 inhabitants in 2023. The prefecture is based in S

Ardèche (; , ; ) is a department in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Southeastern France. It is named after the river Ardèche and had a population of 334,231 as of 2023. Its prefecture is in Privas, but its largest city is Annonay.

Pyrénées-Atlantiques (; Gascon Occitan: Pirenèus Atlantics; ) is a department located in the region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine in the southwest corner of metropolitan France. Named after the Pyrenees mountain range and the Atlantic Ocean, it covers the French Basque Country and the Béarn. It is divided in three arrondissements and its prefecture is Pau. In 2023, it had a population of 706,564.

Alpes-de-Haute-Provence (sometimes abbreviated as AHP; ; ; ), formerly until 1970 known as Basses-Alpes (, ), is a department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of France, bordering Alpes-Maritimes and Italy to the east, Var to the south, Vaucluse to the west, Drôme and Hautes-Alpes to the north. Formerly part of the province of Provence, it had a population of 168,054 in 2023, which makes it the 8th least populated French department.

French department

Seine-et-Marne (; 'Seine and Marne') is a department in the Île-de-France region in Northern France. Named after the rivers Seine and Marne, it is the region's largest department with an area of 5,915 square kilometres (2,284 square miles); it roughly covers its eastern half. In 2023, it had a population of 1,468,108. Its prefecture is Melun, although both Meaux and Chelles have larger populations.

French department

Lot-et-Garonne (, ) is a department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of Southwestern France. Named after the rivers Lot and Garonne, it had a population of 333,602 in 2023. Its prefecture and largest city is Agen.

thumb|250px|The Château de Boisclaireau, residence of the Castle of Boisclaireau|Gueroust family, Counts of Boisclaireau, in Sarthe.

Gard () is a department in Southern France, located in the region of Occitanie. It had a population of 770,940 as of 2023; its prefecture is Nîmes.

'''Côte-d'Or''' () is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. In 2023, it had a population of 540,100. Its prefecture is Dijon, which is also the regional prefecture; its subprefectures are Beaune and Montbard.

Orne (; or ) is a department in the northwest of France, named after the river Orne. It had a population of 275,201 in 2023.

Maine-et-Loire () is a department in the Loire Valley in the Pays de la Loire region in Western France. It is named after the two rivers, Maine and the Loire. It borders Mayenne and Sarthe to the north, Loire-Atlantique to the west, Indre-et-Loire to the east, Vienne and Deux-Sèvres to the south, Vendée to the south-west, and Ille-et-Vilaine to the north-west. Its prefecture is Angers; its subprefectures are Cholet, Saumur and Segré-en-Anjou Bleu. Maine-et-Loire had a population of 833,776 in 2023.

French department

department in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur, France

Eure-et-Loir (, locally: ) is a French department, named after the Eure and Loir rivers. It is located in the region of Centre-Val de Loire. In 2023, Eure-et-Loir had a population of 433,129.

Saône-et-Loire (; Arpitan: Sona-et-Lêre) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region in France. It is named after the rivers Saône and Loire, between which it lies, in the country's central-eastern part.

department in France

Mayenne () is a landlocked department in northwest France named after the river Mayenne. Mayenne is part of the administrative region of Pays de la Loire and is surrounded by the departments of Manche, Orne, Sarthe, Maine-et-Loire, and Ille-et-Vilaine.

Haute-Loire (; or Naut Leir; English: Upper Loire) is a landlocked department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of south-central France. Named after the Loire River, it is surrounded by the departments of Loire, Ardèche, Lozère, Cantal and Puy-de-Dôme. In 2023, it had a population of 228,654; its inhabitants are called Altiligériens in French (English : Altiligerians).

Charente (; Saintongese: Chérente; ) is a department in the administrative region of Nouvelle-Aquitaine, southwestern France. It is named after the river Charente, the most important and longest river in the department, and also the river beside which the department's two largest towns, Angoulême and Cognac, are sited. In 2023, it had a population of 352,683.

Doubs ( ; ; ) is an administrative department in the northeastern French region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté. Named after the river Doubs, it had a population of 547,163 in 2023. Its prefecture is Besançon and subprefectures are Montbéliard and Pontarlier.

Drôme (; Occitan: Droma; Arpitan: Drôma) is the southernmost department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of Southeastern France. Named after the river Drôme, it had a population of 524,207 as of 2023. Drôme's prefecture is Valence.

French department

Deux-Sèvres (, Poitevin-Saintongese: Deùs Saevres) is a French department. Deux-Sèvres literally means "two Sèvres": the Sèvre Nantaise and the Sèvre Niortaise are two rivers which have their sources in the department. It had a population of 375,229 in 2023.

The Gers (; or , ) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southwestern France. The Gers is bordered by the departments of Hautes-Pyrénées and Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the south, Haute-Garonne and Tarn-et-Garonne to the east, Lot-et-Garonne to the north and Landes to the west. Named after the Gers River, its inhabitants are called the Gersois and Gersoises in French. In 2023, it had a population of 192,645.

Puy-de-Dôme (; or lo Puèi Domat) is a department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region in the centre of France. In 2023, it had a population of 664,453. Its prefecture is Clermont-Ferrand and subprefectures are Ambert, Issoire, Riom, and Thiers.

Hautes-Pyrénées (; Gascon/Occitan: Nauts Pirenèus / Hauts Pirenèus ['awts piɾeˈnɛʊs]; ; ['alts piɾiˈneʊs]; ) is a department in the region of Occitania, southwestern France. The department is bordered by Pyrénées-Atlantiques to the west, Gers to the north, Haute-Garonne to the east, as well by the Spanish province of Huesca in the autonomous community of Aragon to the south. In 2023, its population was 231,349; its prefecture is Tarbes. It is named after the Pyrenees mountain range.

Cantal (; or ) is a rural department in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region of France, with its prefecture in Aurillac. Its other principal towns are Saint-Flour (the episcopal see) and Mauriac; its residents are known as Cantalians ( or ''''). Cantal borders the departments of Puy-de-Dôme, Haute-Loire, Aveyron, Lot, Lozère and Corrèze, in the Massif Central natural region.

Aveyron (; ) is a department in the region of Occitania, Southern France. It was named after the river Aveyron. Its inhabitants are known as Aveyronnais (masculine) or Aveyronnaises (feminine) in French. The inhabitants of Aveyron's prefecture, Rodez, are called Ruthénois, based upon the first settlers in the area, the Ruteni. With an area of and a population of 279,609 (2023), Aveyron is a largely rural department with a population density of .

Haute-Saône (; Frainc-Comtou: Hâte-Saône; English: Upper Saône) is a department in the Bourgogne-Franche-Comté region of northeastern France. Named after the river Saône, it had a population of 233,185 in 2023. Its prefecture is Vesoul; its sole subprefecture is Lure.

Loir-et-Cher (; ) is a department in the Centre-Val de Loire region of France. It is named after two rivers which run through it, the Loir in its northern part and the Cher in its southern part. Its prefecture is Blois. The INSEE and La Poste gave it the number 41. It had a population of 328,543 in 2023.