17th century in Spain

1659 border treaty between France and Spain

16th- and 17th-century period of cultural and literary flourishing coinciding with the rise of the Spanish Empire

personal union of Castile, Aragon and Portugal 1580-1640

convoy system used by the Spanish Empire from 1566 to 1790

war (1602–1663) between the Dutch and Portuguese colonial empires

pidgin spoken in Iceland in the 17th century

1654–1660 war between the English Protectorate under Oliver Cromwell and Spain

maritime trade house at Seville in Spain during the Age of Exploration

1615 killings of Basque whalers in Iceland

1698 treaty between France, Britain and the Dutch republic

Witch persecution and process in northern Navarre (1610-1611)

architectural style in Renaissance Spain

The arbitristas were a group of reformist thinkers in late 16th and 17th century Spain concerned about the decline of the economy of Spain and proposed a number of measures to reverse it. Arbitristas directed analyses of problem and proposals ("memorials") for their solution to the king, asking him to take a particular action in the economic or political sphere. The increase in the production of proposals and analyses outlining solutions to the perceived problems of the empire were at a pace comparable to the inflation in the real economy during the price revolution of the sixteenth century an

territorial and military conflicts between the House of Habsburg and France

style of painting

musical manuscript