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17th-century regents

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Francis Bacon
English philosopher and statesman (1561–1626)
Marie de' Medici
Queen of France, second wife of King Henry IV of France (1575-1642)
Kösem Sultan
Consort of Ahmed, Valide Sultan and regent of Murad IV and Ibrahim I, grandmother and regent of Mehmed IV
Anne of Austria
Queen, consort of Louis XIII, King of France, lived (1601-1666)
Maria Theresa of Spain
Queen Consort of France (1660-1683)
Sophia Alekseyevna of Russia
Russian tsarevna (1657–1704)
Axel Oxenstierna
Swedish statesman (1583-1654)
Elisabeth of France
Queen consort of Spain (1602-1644)
Mariana of Austria
Queen consort of Spain (1634-1696)
Maria Anna of Spain
Wife of Holy Roman Emperor Ferdinand III (1606-1646)
Turhan Sultan
sixth Valide Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1648 to 1683
Mary Henrietta, Princess Royal
eldest daughter of Charles I of England and his wife, Henrietta Maria of France; mother of William III of England (1631-1660)
Natalya Naryshkina
russian Tsarina (1651–1694)
Christine of France
Duchess of Savoy (1606-1663)
Christina of Schleswig-Holstein-Gottorp
queen consort of Sweden (1573-1625)
Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp
queen of Sweden (1636-1715)
John Sigismund, Elector of Brandenburg
Prince-elector of the Margraviate of Brandenburg
Dorgon
Dorgon (17 November 1612 – 31 December 1650) was a Manchu prince and regent of the early Qing dynasty. Born in the House of Aisin-Gioro as the 14th son of Nurhaci (the founder of the Later Jin dynasty, which was the predecessor of the Qing), Dorgon started his career in military campaigns against the Mongols, the Koreans, and the Ming dynasty during the reign of Hong Taiji (his eighth brother) who succeeded their father.
Anne Marie d'Orléans
Queen Consort of Sardinia (1669-1728)
Christina of Lorraine
Grand Duchess consort of Tuscany
Archduchess Maria Anna of Austria
Electress of Bavaria by marriage (1610-1665)
Archduchess Maria Maddalena of Austria
Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Joachim Frederick, Elector of Brandenburg
Elector of Brandenburg
Marie Jeanne of Savoy
Duchess of Savoy (1644–1724)
Elizabeth of Denmark, Duchess of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel
Duchess consort of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (1573-1626)
Luisa de Guzmán
Duchess of Braganza; Queen consort of Portugal (1613-1666)
Eleanor de' Medici
Family member of the House of Medici (1567-1611)
John of Austria the Younger
Spanish general (1629-1679)
Amalia of Solms-Braunfels
Regent of Orange (1602-1675)
Per Brahe the Younger
Swedish noble (1602-1680)
Margherita de' Medici
Duchess consort of Parma and Piacenza
Margaret of Savoy
Spanish Vicereine of Portugal (1589-1655)
Marie Casimire Louise de La Grange d'Arquien
queen of Poland (1641-1716)
Virginia de' Medici
Italian noble (1568-1615)
Claudia de' Medici
Archduchess of Austria (1604-1648)
Countess Louise Juliana of Nassau
Electress Palatine (1576-1644)
Sophia of Holstein-Gottorp
Regent of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
Hedwig Sophie of Brandenburg
German noble (1623-1683)
Rajaram I
Third Chhatrapati of the Maratha Empire
Sophie Augusta of Holstein-Gottorp
princess consort of Anhalt-Zerbst; regent of Anhalt-Zerbst
Elisabeth Dorothea of Saxe-Gotha-Altenburg
German princess
Magnus Gabriel De la Gardie
Swedish count, general and politician (1622-1686)
Countess Albertine Agnes of Nassau
Regent of Friesland, Groningen and Drenthe (1664–1679)
Ketevan the Martyr
Georgian queen and martyr (Queen of Kakheti; c.1560-1624)
Margravine Elisabeth Sophie of Brandenburg
German noble (1674-1748)
Sophia Hedwig of Brunswick-Lüneburg
German noblewoman (1592-1642)
Countess Amalie Elisabeth of Hanau-Münzenberg
Regent of Hesse-Kassel (1602-1651)
Laura Martinozzi
Italian noble (1639-1687)
Sophie of Brandenburg
Regent of Saxony (1568-1622)
Catherine de' Medici
Tuscan princess and Duchess of Mantua and Montferrat as the second wife of Duke Ferdinando and Governor of Siena (1593-1629)
Margherita Aldobrandini
Noblewoman (1588-1646)
John George I, Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
Prince of Anhalt-Dessau
Archduchess Isabella Clara of Austria
Austrian archruchess (1629-1685)
Odoardo Farnese
Catholic cardinal
Maria Gonzaga, Duchess of Montferrat
Italian princess of the House of Gonzaga (1609-1660)
Margherita Gonzaga, Duchess of Ferrara
Italian noble, sponsor of the arts (1564-1618)
Countess Catharina Belgica of Nassau
Countess of Orange-Nassau by birth and by marriage Countess of Hanau-Münzenberg (1578-1648)
Magdalena Sibylla of Hesse-Darmstadt
regent of the Duchy of Württemberg and hymn lyricist (1652-1712)
Mangammal
Rani Mangammal (Mangamma; died 1705) was a queen regent of the Madurai Nayak kingdom (in present-day Madurai, India) during the minority of her grandson Vijaya Ranga Chokkanatha in 1689—1704. She was a popular administrator and is still widely remembered as a maker of roads and avenues, and a builder of temples, tanks and choultries with many of her public works still in use. She is also known for her diplomatic and political skills and successful military campaigns. The capital of Madurai Kingdom during her times was Tiruchy.
Barbara Sophie of Brandenburg
Duchess consort and later regent of Württemberg (1584-1636)