18th-century pseudonymous writers

François-Marie Arouet (; 21 November 169430 May 1778), known by his pen name Voltaire (, ; ), was a French Enlightenment writer, philosopher (philosophe), satirist, and historian. Famous for his wit and his criticism of Christianity (especially of the Catholic Church) and of slavery, Voltaire was an advocate of freedom of speech, freedom of religion, and separation of church and state.

American polymath and statesman (1706–1790)

Anglo-Irish satirist and essayist (1667–1745)

Georg Philipp Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg (2 May 1772 – 25 March 1801), better known by his pen name Novalis (; ), was a German aristocrat and polymath, who was a poet, novelist, philosopher and mystic. He is regarded as an influential figure of Jena Romanticism.

Dutch French-language writer and composer (1740-1805)

Italian playwright (1707-1793)

English novelist and dramatist (1707–1754)

Japanese playwright

Christian Friedrich Henrici (January 14, 1700 – May 10, 1764), writing under the pen name Picander, was a German poet and librettist for many works by Johann Sebastian Bach, notably the St Matthew Passion of 1727.

American writer

English poet and polymath (1717 – 1806)

Composer and playwright

British author of a 1724 book on pirates

British satirist and physician; his pseudonym was Peter Pindar

Polish-Lithuanian poet, translator and philanthropist (1718-1791)

pseudonymous political writer

Japanese poet and writer

Iranian poet and literary

French novelist and playwright (1684-1770)

Scottish philosopher and revolutionary (c. 1760–1793)

Scottish songwriter

English novelist, poet, playwright, writer (1758–1852)

British writer

Japanese poet, fiction writer and samurai bureaucrat of the late-edo period (1749–1823)

French writer

English writer and architectural theorist (1703–1754)

English poet, artist, geologist

British writer

English hymn writer, essayist

Zhiyanzhai (脂硯齋/脂砚斋; pinyin: Zhī Yànzhāi, literally: "Rouge Inkstone Studio", sometimes translated as Red Inkstone or Rouge Inkstone) was the pseudonym of an early and mysterious commentator of the 18th-century Chinese novel Dream of the Red Chamber. This person was a contemporary of the author Cao Xueqin who knew the author intimately enough to be regarded as the chief commentator of his work while it was still unpublished. Most early hand-copied manuscripts of the novel contain red or black-inked commentaries by a few unknown commentators, considered authoritative enough to be transcribed by

English poet, novelist and actress