1923 disestablishments

thumb|300px|Ilya Repin, [[Barge Haulers on the Volga, 1870–1873]] thumb|300px|Ivan Shishkin and [[Konstantin Savitsky, Morning in a Pine Forest, 1878]]

The Papiermark (; 'paper mark') was a derisive term for the Mark (sign: ℳ︁) after it went off the gold standard, and most specifically with the era of hyperinflation in Germany of 1922 and 1923. Formally, the same German mark was used from 1871 to 1923. Like many countries, Germany departed the gold standard due to the outbreak of World War I, and stopped issuing gold coins backed in marks in August 1914. Precious metals rapidly disappeared from circulation, and inflation occurred as paper money was used to cover war debts in 1914 to 1918. Still, the papiermark is more associated with the earl

former currency of Afghanistan (1891–1925)

former currency of the Democratic Republic of Georgia

The Morita-za (森田座・守田座), also known later as the Shintomi-za (新富座), was one of the major Kabuki theaters in Edo (modern-day Tokyo) during the Edo period and into the beginning of the 20th century. It was established in January 1660, and run by the Morita family of actors until its destruction in the 1923 Great Kantō earthquake which destroyed much of Tokyo.

Vsevobuch (), a portmanteau for "Universal Military Training" (), was a system of compulsory military training for men practiced in the Russian SFSR governed by the Chief Administration of Universal Military Training of the People's Commissariat of Military Affairs.