1949 in the Soviet Union

The RDS-1 (), also known as First Lightning (), was the first nuclear weapons test that was conducted by the Soviet Union. It was detonated on 29 August 1949 at 7:00 a.m. Kazakhstan Time (decree time) (UTC+06:00), at the Semipalatinsk Test Site in the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic, and yielded 22 kilotons of TNT.

code name for the Soviet mass deportation from the Baltic states on 25–28 March 1949

series of criminal cases in the Soviet Union

war crimes trial held in December 1949

thinly disguised antisemitic campaign in the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc, 1948–1953

Earthquake in present-day Tajikistan