19th-century disasters in the Ottoman Empire

1837 earthquake in present-day Israel

Earthquake affecting the Middle East

earthquake on the island of Chios in 1881

Earthquake in the Aegean Sea which caused widespread destruction in the Middle East, North Africa and Southern Europe.

Magnitude 7 earthquake (16 February 1810) causing great destruction in Heraklion and affecting countries from Malta to Egypt

6.7-magnitude earthquake that struck Ağrı in eastern Turkey on July 2, 1840

disease outbreak

6.7-magnitude earthquake that struck İstanbul in northwestern Turkey on July 10, 1894