1st-century BC fortifications

Masada ( '''', 'fortress'; ) is a mountain-top fortress complex in the Judaean Desert, overlooking the western shore of the Dead Sea in southeastern Israel. The fort, built in the first century BC, was constructed atop a natural plateau rising over above the surrounding terrain, east of modern Arad.

The Herodeion (), in Latin: Herodium, in Modern Herodion, known in Arabic as Jabal al-Fureidis () is a fortified desert palace built by Herod the Great, king of Judaea, in the first century BCE. The complex stands atop a hill in the Judaean Desert, approximately south of Jerusalem and southeast of Bethlehem, between Beit Ta'mir, Za'atara to the east and Jannatah, Tekoa and Nokdim to the west. The site is located at an elevation of 758 meters (2,487 ft) above sea level.

Machaerus (Μαχαιροῦς, from [a sword]; ; ) was a Hasmonean hilltop palace and desert fortress, rebuilt by Herod and now in ruins, in the village of Mukawir in modern-day Jordan. The site is located southeast of the mouth of the Jordan River on the eastern side of the Dead Sea.

military barracks in Jerusalem

thumb|Mount Sartaba, once topped by Alexandrium fortress

fortress in Israel

cultural property in Sevilla, Spain