2025 in international relations

Islamist terror attack in India

series of armed skirmishes between Cambodia and Thailand

military actions between India and Pakistan in May 2025

Since 2025, the second Donald Trump administration of the United States has sought to annex Greenland, an autonomous territory of Denmark, triggering an ongoing international diplomatic crisis. This escalated in early 2026 after Trump refused to rule out the use of military force to annex Greenland and threatened a 25% import tax on goods from several European nations unless Denmark ceded Greenland. Trump's statements sparked a confrontation with Denmark and the EU, reigniting earlier concerns of a US–EU trade war. On 21 January, Trump reversed his position at the 2026 Davos conference, pledging not to use force or tariffs to annex Greenland.

The Global Sumud Flotilla, sometimes referred to as the Global Freedom Flotilla, was an international, civil society-led maritime initiative launched in mid-2025, which attempted to break the Israeli blockade of the Gaza Strip but was thwarted in an intercept by Israeli naval forces. It is named for ṣumūd, Arabic for 'steadfastness' or 'resilience'. The initiative emerged in July 2025, organised by coalition of Freedom Flotilla Coalition (FFC), Global Movement to Gaza, Maghreb Sumud Flotilla and Sumud Nusantara, during the Gaza war. The flotilla comprised over 40 vessels with 500 participants from more than 44 countries, making it the largest civilian-led convoy of its kind in history. Some attempts to break the Israeli blockade were successful before 2010, but since then ships have been intercepted or attacked by Israeli forces, including an attack by drones in May 2025 and interceptions in international waters in June and July 2025. By early 3 October, Israel had intercepted all vessels of the flotilla, after drone attacks had been reported, and naval vessels dispatched to provide assistance. The flotilla was the first unauthorized naval humanitarian mission to come within 70 nautical miles (130 km) of the Gaza coast since the imposition of the blockade in 2009.

tariffs imposed by Donald Trump in his second term as president of the United States

2023 Houthi attacks on Red Sea

meeting between Donald Trump and Vladimir Putin in Anchorage, Alaska on 15 August 2025

The Gaza peace plan, officially the Comprehensive Plan to End the Gaza Conflict, is a multilateral agreement between Israel and Hamas that aims to address the ongoing Gaza war and broader Middle Eastern crisis. Led by United States president Donald Trump, it was negotiated in consultation with many Arab and Muslim countries. The plan was announced by Trump on September 29, 2025, during a press conference at the White House alongside Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu. It was signed on October 9, coming into effect the following day, and was endorsed by the United Nations Security Council on November 17.

bilateral crisis following the 2025 Pahalgam attack

US–UK led airstrikes on Houthi-controlled Yemen in January 2024

bilateral meeting between USA and Ukraine on February 28, 2025

agreement to end the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict

2025–2026 US military anti-drug trafficking operation

September 2025 Israeli airstrike targeting top Hamas leaders in Doha, Qatar

Israel–Hamas hostage-prisoner exchange and armistice

Parliamentary elections were held in Moldova on 28 September 2025. Moldova is a parliamentary republic; the Parliament of Moldova has the main authority of creating laws and appointing the government, and executive powers are primarily derived from the legislature. The main parties and coalitions contesting the election were the ruling pro-European Party of Action and Solidarity (PAS), the pro-Russian Patriotic Electoral Bloc (BEP), the centre-left and nominally pro-European Alternative (BA), and the left-wing populist and mildly pro-Russian Our Party (PN).

part of the North Kosovo crisis

military incident between Russia and Poland amidst the Russian invasion of Ukraine

March 2025 United States national security controversy

trade war between the United States, Canada, and Mexico

diplomatic meeting in Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt

humanitarian crisis in the Gaza Strip during the 2023 Israel–Hamas war

2025 humanitarian convoy

United States Navy attacks on alleged Venezuelan drug vessels under questionable legal grounds

Iranian retaliatory strikes against the United States military bases in the Middle East

NATO diplomatic conference in The Hague

partnership of nations in support of Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War

emergency special session of the United Nations General Assembly convened on 28 February 2022 in response to the Russian full-scale invasion of Ukraine

ongoing military conflict between the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Rwanda

Group of 20 meeting in South Africa

international electricity transmission infrastructure project to synchronize Baltic states with the Continental Europe Synchronous Area

military campaign in Yemen

United States air and naval strikes in Yemen

international leaders' June 2025 meeting in Kananaskis, Alberta, Canada

Israeli airstrikes targeting top Houthi leaders in Sanaa

2025 escalation of border conflicts between Pakistan and Afghanistan

United States operation in the Caribbean

2025 aircraft accident in Georgia (country)

bilateral investment treaty between the United States and the Ukraine signed on April 30, 2025

2025 arrest of the former Philippine president

2025 aviation accident in Turkey

February 2025 speech by Vice President JD Vance

involvement of the Benjamin Netanyahu advisors with the Qatar government

2025 international summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

meeting between European leaders and the U.S. president over Ukraine

new or increased tariffs announced by Trump on 02.04.2025

25th heads of state summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization

pro-EU and pro-Ukrainian protests

Israeli military operation against Houthi militants in 2025

military action in Syria

American military operation

Planned conference on the Israeli - Palestinian conflict

summit of 16 states, EU and NATO

2025 treaty

2025 peace treaty between Cambodia and Thailand

annual gathering of APEC leaders