20th-century explorers

Swiss explorer and author (1877-1904)

Brazilian explorer and officer (1865–1958)

German Mesoamericanist (1842–1917)

Austrian geographer, oceanographer and director of the Institute of Marine Science in Berlin

Danish naval officer and Greenland researcher (1866-1947)

New Zealand ornithologist and museum director (1901–1979)

Czech traveller and science writer

Iraqi traveler, journalist and author, who mastered over 17 languages

Italian physician, scientist and explorer (1869-1938)

Indian physicist (1911–2002)

Italian mountaineer

Swedish zoologist

explorer;first woman to have visited the North Pole, the South Pole, and Mount Everest

Czech writer

Italian journalist, writer and colonial ruler

Peruvian explorer and farmer

Chinese earth scientist and polar explorer

Chinese biochemist (1925–1980)