22nd-century BC deaths

Ur-Nammu (or Ur-Namma, Ur-Engur, Ur-Gur, Sumerian: ; died 2094 BC) was a Sumerian king who founded the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur, in southern Mesopotamia, following several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian rule. Though he built many temples and canals his main achievement was building the core of the Ur III Empire through military conquest. Ur-Nammu is chiefly remembered today for his legal code, the Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest known surviving example in the world. He also initiated the construction of the Ziggurat of Ur. He held the titles of "King of Ur" and "King of Sumer and Akkad". Hi

Gudea (, ; Sumerian: , Gu3-de2-a; died 2124 BC) was a Sumerian ruler (ensi) of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia, who ruled or c. 2144–2124 BC (MC). Though most likely not a native of Lagash, he married Ninalla, the daughter of its ruler Ur-Baba, which enabled him to enter the royal family. He was succeeded by his son, Ur-Ningirsu II. Gudea ruled during a period when the Gutian dynasty Mari. Under Gudea, Lagash experienced a golden age, with seemingly considerable independence from the Gutians, a language isolate populace who had come from northeastern regions beyond Mesopotamia.

thumb|Akkadian language cuneiform for Sharkalisharri. The star symbol "𒀭", the "[[Dingir", is a silent honorific for "Divine".]] Shar-Kali-Sharri (, DShar-ka-li-Sharri; died 2193 BC) reigned c. 2218–2193 BC (middle chronology) as the ruler of Akkad. In the early days of cuneiform scholarship the name was transcribed as "Shar-Gani-sharri". In the 1870s, Assyriologists thought Shar-Kali-Sharri was identical with the Sargon of Akkad, first ruler of Akkad, but this identification was recognized as mistaken in the 1910s. His name was sometimes written with the leading Dingir sign demarking deifica

Utu-hengal (, ; died 2112 BC), also written Utu-heg̃al, Utu-heĝal, and sometimes transcribed as Utu-hegal, Utu-hejal, Utu-Khengal, was one of the first native kings of Sumer after two hundred years of Akkadian and Gutian rule, and was at the origin of the foundation of the Third Dynasty of Ur by his governor of Ur, Ur-Nammu. He was officially "King of Uruk" in his inscriptions, and is therefore considered as the founder, and only member, of the "Fifth Dynasty of Uruk" (Uruk V).

Egyptian pharaoh

Egyptian pharaoh

Egyptian pharaoh

Merenhor may have been an Eighth Dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His name is only attested on the Abydos King List (n. 46). Merenhor is absent from the Turin canon as a large lacuna in this document affects most kings of the 7th/8th Dynasty. No contemporary document or building with his name has been found.

Egyptian pharaoh

Neferirkare Pepi III (sometimes referred to as Neferirkare II because of Neferirkare Kakai; died 2160 BC) was an ancient Egyptian king of the Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC). According to egyptologists Kim Ryholt, Jürgen Beckerath, and Darrell Baker, he was the 17th and final king of the Eighth Dynasty. Many scholars consider Neferirkare to have been the last king of the Old Kingdom, which came to an end with the 8th Dynasty.

Egyptian pharaoh

Egyptian pharaoh

Egyptian pharaoh

Akkadian king

Neferkamin (died 2188 BC) may have been an Eighth Dynasty king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.

Neferkahor (died 2181 BC) may have been ancient Egyptian king of the Eighth Dynasty during the First Intermediate Period. According to Egyptologists Jürgen Beckerath and Darrell Baker, he was the eleventh king of this dynasty. His name is attested on the Abydos King List (number 50) and on a black steatite cylinder seal of unknown provenance. Neferkahor is absent from the Turin canon as a large lacuna in this document affects most kings of the 7th/8th Dynasty. No contemporary document or building with his name has been found.

Neferkaure (died 2163 BC) was a king of ancient Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. According to the Abydos King List and the latest reconstruction of the Turin canon by Kim Ryholt, he was the 15th king of the Eighth Dynasty. This opinion is shared by the Egyptologists Jürgen Beckerath, Thomas Schneider, and Darell Baker. As a king of the Eighth Dynasty, Neferkaure's seat of power was Memphis and he may not have held power over all of Egypt.

Egyptian pharaoh

Neferkauhor Khuwihapi (died 2161 BC) was an ancient Egyptian king of the Eighth Dynasty during the early First Intermediate Period (2181–2055 BC), at a time when Egypt was possibly divided between several polities. Neferkauhor was the sixteenth and penultimate king of the Eighth Dynasty and as such would have ruled over the Memphite region. Neferkauhor reigned for little over 2 years and is one of the best attested kings of this period with eight of his decrees surviving in fragmentary condition to this day.

Egyptian pharaoh

Egyptian pharaoh

Shu-turul (Shu-durul, , shu-tur2-ul3 also Šu-Turul; died 2154 BC) was the last king of Akkad, ruling for 15 years according to the Sumerian king list. It indicates that he succeeded his father Dudu. A few artifacts, seal impressions etc. attest that he held sway over a greatly reduced Akkadian territory that included Kish, Tutub, Nippur, and Eshnunna. The Diyala River also bore the name "Shu-durul" at the time. thumb|Map depicting ancient cities of Sumer. The area under the control of Shu-Turul was an area that contained Kish, Tutub, Nippur, and Eshunna.

Egyptian nomarch, ancestor of the 11th dynasty

Khui () was an ancient Egyptian king and/or nomarch during the early First Intermediate Period. Khui may have belonged to the Eighth Dynasty of Egypt, as Jürgen Beckerath has proposed, or he may instead have been a provincial nomarch who proclaimed himself king.

Egyptian queen consort

Ur-Baba or Ur-Bau ( or , servant of the goddess Bau; died 2144 BC) was ensi of Lagash from 2093 BC – 2080 BC (short chronology) or 2157 BC – 2144 BC (middle chronology), roughly contemporaneous with the last king of Akkad, Shu-turul. In one of his inscriptions, he refers to himself as a child of the god Ninagal ().

2127 BCE monarch

Ur-Ningirsu (Sumerian: , Ur-D-nin-gir-su; died 2119 BC) also Ur-Ningirsu II in contrast with the earlier Ur-Ningirsu I, was a Sumerian ruler (ensi) of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia who ruled c. 2120 BC. He was the son of the previous ruler of Lagash named Gudea.

Ilulu or Elulu (died 2189 BC), according to the Sumerian King List, was one of four rivals (the others being Igigi, Imi, and Nanum) vying to be king of Akkad during a three-year period following the death of Shar-Kali-Sharri. This chaotic period came to an end when Dudu consolidated his power over the realm.

Akkadian King

King of Sumeria

Ishtup-Ilum, also Ishtup-El (, Ish-dub-ilum; died 2136 BC) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as Shakkanakku in northern Mesopotamia, after the fall of Akkad. He was probably a contemporary with the Second Dynasty of Lagash, around the time of Gudea. He was the son of Ishma-Dagan and brother of Nûr-Mêr, both Shakkanakkus of Mari before him, and, according to the dynastic lists, he ruled after them for a period of 11 years.

Ur-gar or Ur-nig (; died 2113 BC) was the last ensi of Lagash, roughly contemporaneous with the last king of Akkad, Shu-turul.

Nam-mahani (, nam-maḫ-ni; died 2110 BC) was a Sumerian ruler, and the last ensi of Lagash, roughly contemporaneous with the last king of Akkad, Shu-turul. His reign was followed by that of Utu-hengal, who destroyed the power of the Gutian Dynasty, and put an end to the power of the various city-states, reunifying the Sumerian realm.

Pirig-me (Sumerian: , Pirig-me; died 2180 BC), was a Sumerian ruler (ensi) of the state of Lagash in Southern Mesopotamia. He was the son of Ur-Ningirsu I.

Ishma-Dagan (, Ish-ma-Dda-gan; died 2154 BC) was a ruler of the city of Mari, one of the military governors known as Shakkanakku in northern Mesopotamia, in the later period of Akkad. According to the dynastic lists, he ruled for 45 years, after Shu-Dagan, and was the third Shakkanakku ruler. Ishma-Dagan was probably contemporary with the Akkadian ruler Shar-Kali-Sharri. He had two sons who succeeded him in turn as Shakkanakkus of Mari: Nûr-Mêr and Ishtup-Ilum.

Epirmupi ( E-pir-mu-pil, previously read E-nam-mu-de; died 2154 BC) was a ruler of Elam around 2199–2154 BC. His name is purely Akkadian, and he was in charge of Elam at the time of Rimush and Manishtushu, or early in the reign of Naram-Sin and probably their dependent and vassal. His title of "Military Governor" (Shakkanakku in Akkadian, GIR.NITA in Sumerian) suggests that he was a dependent of the Akkadian kings, rather than an independent ruler. He also held the title of Ensi of Susa".

Idy () was an important Ancient Egyptian high official in the Eighth Dynasty known from several sources and served the last kings of the Old Kingdom.