31st-century BC women

Neithhotep or Neith-hotep () was an ancient Egyptian queen consort who lived and ruled during the early First Dynasty. Archeological evidence may indicate that she may have ruled as pharaoh in her own right, and as such would have been the earliest known female monarch in history. She was subsequently considered to be the wife of unified Egypt's first pharaoh, Narmer, and the mother of Hor-Aha. She was once wrongfully thought to be a male ruler: her outstandingly large mastaba and the royal serekh surrounding her name on several seal impressions previously led Egyptologists and historians to t

Benerib () was a queen consort of ancient Egypt from First Dynasty. Benerib's name means "sweet(bene) of heart(ib)".

Herneith () was a Queen consort of ancient Egypt. She lived during the 1st Dynasty. The name herneith means "The face of Neith".

Khenthap (also written Khenet-Hapi) was a possible queen of Ancient Egypt. She is said to have lived during the 1st Dynasty. Her historical figure is very obscure, since there are no contemporary sources for her name. She appears only once in a much later inscription.

Penebui (died 3000 BC) was an early Egyptian queen and most possibly the wife of king Djer during the 1st Dynasty. Her name was found engraved on several ivory tags.

Nakhtneith () was a queen consort of ancient Egypt. She lived during the 1st Dynasty. Her name means "strong is (the goddess) Neith".