3rd century BC in Italy

first pitched battle of the First Punic War and the first large-scale military confrontation between Carthage and the Roman Republic

first military conflict between the Roman Republic and Carthage, marking the start of the First Punic War

Roman victory leading to Panormus (modern-day Palermo) being under Roman control for the remainder of the First Punic War

history of Roman growth starting in the 5th century BC

battle of the First Punic War resulting in a Roman retreat