420s BC deaths

Herodotus (; BC) was a Greek historian and geographer from the Greek city of Halicarnassus (now Bodrum, Turkey), under Persian control in the 5th century BC, and a later citizen of Thurii in modern Calabria, Italy. He wrote the Histories, a detailed account of the Greco-Persian Wars, among other subjects such as the rise of the Achaemenid dynasty of Cyrus. He has been described as "The Father of History", a title conferred on him by the ancient Roman orator Cicero.

Anaxagoras (; , Anaxagóras, 'lord of the assembly'; ) was a Pre-Socratic Greek philosopher. Born in Clazomenae at a time when Asia Minor was under the control of the Persian Empire, Anaxagoras came to Athens. In later life he was charged with impiety and went into exile in Lampsacus.

Protagoras ( ; ; ) was a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher and rhetorical theorist. He is numbered as one of the sophists by Plato. In his dialogue Protagoras, Plato credits him with inventing the role of the professional sophist.

Eurypontid king of Sparta from 469/8 to 427/6 BC

Cratinus (; 519 BC – 422 BC) was an Athenian comic poet of the Old Comedy.

5th-century BC Greek poet, dramatist and philosopher

5th-century BC Athenian military commander

5th-century BC Greek sophist and logographer

thumb|upright=1.5|Phrasaortes was named satrap of Persis by Alexander Phrasaortes was a Persian satrap of Persis under Alexander the Great 330 BCE. He was a son of Rheomithres. Phrasaortes replaced the Achaemenid satrap Ariobarzanes, who had confronted Alexander at the Battle of the Persian Gate, where he was killed.