4th-century BC births

Euclid (; ; BC) was an ancient Greek mathematician active as a geometer and logician. Considered the "father of geometry", he is chiefly known for the Elements treatise, which established the foundations of geometry that largely dominated the field until the early 19th century. His system, now referred to as Euclidean geometry, involved innovations in combination with a synthesis of theories from earlier Greek mathematicians, including Eudoxus of Cnidus, Hippocrates of Chios, Thales and Theaetetus. With Archimedes and Apollonius of Perga, Euclid is generally considered among the greatest mathe

Greek astronomer and mathematician (c.408–c.355 BC)

king of Iberia and Colchis

Megasthenes ( ; , died 290 BCE) was an ancient Greek historian, indologist, diplomat, ethnographer and explorer in the Hellenistic period. He described India in his book Indica, which is now lost, but has been partially reconstructed from literary fragments found in later authors that quoted his work. Megasthenes was the first person from the Western world to leave a written description of India.

Cynic philosopher

Theopompus (, Theópompos; 380 BC 315 BC) was an ancient Greek historian and rhetorician who was a student of Isocrates.

3rd-century BC Roman general and statesman

ancient Greek philosopher

thumb|The family of Darius in front of Alexander the Great|Alexander, by [[Charles le Brun. Sisygambis (in yellow) kneels before the king]]

king of Macedon from 297 BC until 294 BC, jointly with his brother Alexander V of Macedon

king of Sparta

ancient Greek scholar and poet

4th-century BC Macedonian queen consort

Macedonian queen (c. 337–317 BC)

Cynane (, Kynane or , Cyna or , Cynna; 357 – 323 BC) was half-sister to Alexander the Great, and daughter of Philip II by Audata, an Illyrian princess. She is estimated to have been born in 357 BC.

Greek king of Cyrenaica from 276 BC to 250 BC

Taxiles or Taxilas (; ) was the Greek chroniclers' name for the ruler who reigned over the tract between the Indus and the Jhelum (Hydaspes) Rivers in the Punjab region at the time of Alexander the Great's expedition. His real name may have been Ambhi (Greek: Omphis), and the Greeks appear to have called him Taxiles or Taxilas, after the name of his capital city of Taxila, near the modern city of Attock, Pakistan.

sister-wife of Darius III of Persia

4th/3rd century BC Greek general and historian

ancient Macedonian military, murderer of king Philip II

4th-century BC Persian satrap of Hellespontine Phrygia

King of Bithynia

thumb|Ill. from De mulieribus claris Leontion (, ; fl. 300 BC) was a notable Greek Epicurean philosopher and student of Epicurus's Garden School. She is known for her authored work against Theophrastus, the head of the Aristotelian school. The manuscript she wrote has been lost over time, but it has been written about by many philosophers over the centuries, including Cicero and Pliny the Elder.

Harpalus (Greek: Ἅρπαλος), son of Machatas, was a Macedonian aristocrat and childhood friend of Alexander the Great in the 4th century BC. Harpalus was repeatedly entrusted with official duties by Alexander and absconded with large sums of money on three occasions. Alexander appointed him treasurer of his empire in Babylon in 330 BC. In 324 BC he fled from Babylon to Athens with a large sum of money. The resulting political controversy in Athens ("the Harpalus Affair") was a contributing factor in the Lamian War.

4th-century BC Greek historian and tyrant of Samos

4th century BC Athenian comic poet

Ruler of Ancient Epirus

wife of Alexander the Great

Gallic leader who invaded Greece (died 279 BC)

Zhou Dynasty king of China from 314 to 256 BC

Roman consul in five times (322 - 310 - 308 - 297 - 295 BC)

Anniceris (; fl. 300 BC) was a Cyrenaic philosopher. He argued that pleasure is achieved through individual acts of gratification which are sought for the pleasure that they produce, but he also laid great emphasis on the love of family, country, friendship and gratitude, which provide pleasure even when they demand sacrifice.

son of Lysimachus, general in Thrace

4th-century BC Greek philosopher

ancient Greek royal

general of Alexander the Great

4th-century BC Greek general

4th-century BC Macedonian officer

daughter of Antipater, the regent of Macedonia

ancient Greek physician

King of Anuradhapura from 247 BC to 207 BC

noble in Epirus: daughter of Aeacides and Phthia, sister of Pyrrhus, wife of Demetrius I of Macedon and mother of Alexander

thumb|Ophellas was part of Alexander's fleet that sailed down the Indus in 326 BC. thumb|350px|Coin of Ophellas, as Ptolemaic governor of Cyrene, Libya|Cyrene, first reign, circa 322–313 BC. AV Stater (17mm, 8.57 g, 11h). Coin struck by Polianthes, magistrate. Obv Nike, driving fast quadriga right, holding kentron and reins. Rev [[Zeus Ammon standing left, holding patera and lotus-tipped sceptre; thymiaterion to left, [Π]OΛIANΘEYΣ to right.|alt=]] thumb|350px|Cyrene coin struck under Ophellas as Ptolemaic governor. Circa 322–313 BC. Æ 19mm (8.14 gm). Horse running right; star above / NIKWNOS,

4th-century BC Macedonian general

4th-century BC Cyrenaic philosopher

Roman consul 294 BC

ancient Greek philosopher, son of Aristotle

ancient Greek artist

winner in ancient Olympics

Roman consul

son of Philip II, half-brother of Alexander the Great (died 336 BC)

Thessalian military commander (usually employed as fleet commander)

politician

Ancient Macedonian general and geographer

wife of Antipater

Roman painter

Greek Peripatetic philosopher (c.350–c.275 BC)

King of Paphos

Lachares () was a demagogue and tyrant of Athens at the turn from the 4th to the 3rd century BC.

son of Polyperchon, Hellenistic military officer