4th-century Christians

Roman emperor from 379 to 395

Roman emperor (317-361)

Arcadius ( ; 377 – 1 May 408) was Roman emperor from 383 to his death in 408. He was the eldest son of the Augustus Theodosius I () and his first wife Aelia Flaccilla, and the brother of Honorius (). Arcadius ruled the eastern half of the empire from 395, when their father died, while Honorius ruled the west. In his time, he was seen as a weak ruler dominated by a series of powerful ministers and by his wife, Aelia Eudoxia.

Roman emperor from 364 to 375

Roman general and statesman ( c. 390 – 454)

Roman emperor from 363 to 364

Decimus Magnus Ausonius (; ) was a Roman poet and teacher of rhetoric from Burdigala, Aquitaine (now Bordeaux, France). For a time, he was tutor to the future Emperor Gratian, who afterwards bestowed the consulship on him. His best-known poems are Mosella, a description of the River Moselle, and Ephemeris, an account of a typical day in his life. His many other verses show his concern for his family, friends, teachers and circle of well-to-do acquaintances and his delight in the technical handling of meter.

Gratian (; ; 18 April 359 – 25 August 383) was emperor of the Western Roman Empire from 367 to 383. The eldest son of Valentinian I, Gratian was raised to the rank of Augustus as a child and inherited the West after his father's death in 375. He nominally shared the government with his infant half-brother Valentinian II, who was also acclaimed emperor in Pannonia on Valentinian's death. The East was ruled by his uncle Valens, who was later succeeded by Theodosius I.

Flavius Julius Constans ( 323 – 350), also called Constans I, was Roman emperor from 337 to 350. He held the imperial rank of caesar from 333, and was the youngest son of Constantine the Great.

Roman emperor from 375 to 392

thumb|300px|Mulomedicina (1250-1375 ca., Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, pluteo 45.19) Publius (or Flavius) Vegetius Renatus, known as Vegetius (), was a writer of the Later Roman Empire (late 4th century). Nothing is known of his life or station beyond what is contained in his two surviving works: Epitoma rei militaris (also referred to as De re militari), and the lesser-known Digesta Artis Mulomedicinae, a guide to veterinary medicine. He identifies himself in the opening of his work Epitoma rei militaris as a Christian.

late 4th-century Roman emperor of Britain and usurper of the West

Joannes or Johannes (; died 425) was Western Roman emperor from 423 to 425.

thumb| Aurelius Prudentius Clemens ( ) was a Roman Christian poet, born in the Roman province of Tarraconensis (now Northern Spain) in 348. He probably died in the Iberian Peninsula some time after 405, possibly around 413. The place of his birth is uncertain, but it may have been Caesaraugusta (Zaragoza), Tarraco (Tarragona), or Calagurris (Calahorra).

Arnobius (died c. 330) was an early Christian apologist of Berber origin during the reign of Diocletian (284–305).

Eugenius (died 6 September 394) was a Western Roman emperor from 392 to 394, unrecognized by the Eastern Roman emperor Theodosius I. While Christian himself, Eugenius capitalized on the discontent in the West caused by Theodosius' religious policies targeting pagans. He renovated the pagan Temple of Venus and Roma and restored the Altar of Victory after continued petitions from the Roman Senate. Eugenius replaced Theodosius' administrators with men loyal to him. This included pagans, reviving the pagan cause. His army fought the army of Theodosius at the Battle of the Frigidus, where he was ca

Christian writer and historian and native of Aquitania (c. 363 – c. 425)

King of Armenia and Saint

4th century Latin writer and astrologer

thumb|Epitome of Philostorgius' Church History by Photios I of Constantinople ([[British Library, 16th-century manuscript)]] Philostorgius (; 368 – c. 439 AD) was an Anomoean Church historian of the 4th and 5th centuries.

Gaius Vettius Aquilinus Juvencus (fl. c. 330) was a Roman Christian poet from Hispania who wrote in Latin. His work was well known in the Middle Ages, being cited for example, in the British Isles.

Roman military officer in Brittania

Gainas (?-400 AD, Greek: Γαϊνάς) was a Gothic leader who served the Eastern Roman Empire as magister militum during the reigns of Theodosius I and Arcadius. He played an important role in the events in the eastern part of the empire by the end of the 4th century.

Roman general and consul 392

ancient Roman poet

niece of Roman emperor Theodosius I

Roman empress

daughter of Roman emperor Constantine the Great and Roman empress as the consort of Julian

Nemesius of Emesa (; ; fl. c. AD 390) was a Christian philosopher, and the author of a treatise Περὶ φύσεως ἀνθρώπου or De natura hominis ("On Human Nature"). According to the title of his book, he was the bishop of Emesa (modern-day Homs, Syria). His book is an attempt to compile a system of anthropology from the standpoint of Christian philosophy; it was very influential in later Greek, Arabic and Christian thought.

high official of the Roman Empire

Basilina (; died 332/333) was the wife of Julius Constantius and the mother of the Roman emperor Julian (r. 361–363) who in her honour gave the name Basilinopolis to a city in Bithynia (modern Pazarköy near Gemlik, in Turkey).

Ticonius, also spelled Tyconius or Tychonius (active 370–390 AD), was a major theologian of 4th-century North African Latin Christianity. He was a Donatist writer whose conception of the City of God influenced St. Augustine of Hippo (who wrote a book on the same topic).

Charito (flourished mid-4th century AD) was a Roman Empress, consort of Jovian, Roman Emperor. Some historians doubt whether Charito was granted the title of Augusta as no archaeological evidence as yet confirms it.

king of Armenia

politician

Roman army master

Roman officer and Christian martyr

consul of the Roman Empire (328-388)

politician

Prohaeresius (, Prohairesios; c. 276 – c. 368) was a fourth-century Armenian Christian teacher and rhetorician originally from Caesarea who taught in Athens. He was one of the leading sophists of the era along with Diophantus the Arab and Epiphanius of Syria.

Helvidius (sometimes Helvetius) was the author of a work written prior to 383 against the belief in the perpetual virginity of Mary. Helvidius maintained that the biblical mention of "sisters" and "brothers" of the Lord constitutes solid evidence that Mary had normal marital relations with Joseph and additional children after the miraculous conception and birth of Jesus. He supported his opinion by the writings of Tertullian and Victorinus. Helvidius is sometimes seen as an early proto-protestant, along with Vigiliantius, Jovinian and Aerius of Sebaste.

consul of the Roman Empire

Roman politician (317-359)

Flavius Arintheus (or Arinthaeus; died AD 378) was a Roman army officer who started his career in the middle ranks and rose to senior political and military positions. He served the emperors Constantius II, Julian, Jovian and Valens. In 372 he was appointed consul, alongside Domitius Modestus.

4th century Roman consul

Roman politician, consul 382

ancient Greek poet

Roman politician, praefectus urbi 382

Prefect of Rome

thumb|Book frontispiece|Frontispiece of the Acta Archelai, [[Charles H. Beeson edition, 1906]]

Roman consul 397 AD

Roman writer

Gallic rhetorician and poet from Marseille of the fifth century CE

4th-century Christian writer

Roman senator who served as translator for Constantine the Great

Sparapet of Great Armenia (310-338)

daughter of Anicius Hermogenianus Olybrius