5th-century BC deaths

Anacreon ( BC) was an Ancient Greek lyric poet, notable for his drinking songs and erotic poems. Later Greeks included him in the canonical list of Nine Lyric Poets. Anacreon wrote all of his poetry in the ancient Ionic dialect. Like all early lyric poetry, it was composed to be sung or recited to the accompaniment of music, usually the lyre. Anacreon's poetry touched on universal themes of love, infatuation, disappointment, revelry, parties, festivals, and the observations of everyday people and life.

Iron Age bog body from Denmark that was hanged before death

early 5th-century BC queen of Sparta

Aristagoras of Miletus (), d. 497/496 BC, was the tyrant of the Ionian city of Miletus in the late 6th century BC and early 5th century BC. He acted as one of the instigators of the Ionian Revolt against the Persian Achaemenid Empire. He was the son-in-law of Histiaeus and was granted the tyranny of Miletus from him.

thumb|Bronze Statue of Demaratus in the Naples Museo Archeologico Demaratus (Greek: Δημάρατος, Demaratos; Doric: Δαμάρατος, Damaratos) was a king of Sparta from around 515 BC to 491 BC. He was the 15th ruler of the Eurypontid dynasty and the firstborn son of King Ariston. During his reign, Demaratus is best known for his opposition to his co-ruler, King Cleomenes I of the Agiad dynasty. This rivalry ultimately led to his dethronement around 491 BC, following Cleomenes's accusations of illegitimacy and political maneuvering.

Greek explorer and writer of the late 6th and early 5th centuries BCE

Datis or Datus (, Old Iranian: *Dātiya-, Achaemenid Elamite: Da-ti-ya) was a Median noble and admiral who served the Persian Empire during the reign of Darius the Great (522–486 BC). He is known for his role in leading the Persian amphibious expedition against Greece in 490 BC during the Greco-Persian Wars. Along with Darius's nephew Artaphernes, he was tasked with subduing Eretria and Athens, succeeding the previously defeated Mardonius.

late 6th/early 5th century BC Athenian playwright

Euphronios (; c. 535 – after 470 BC) was an ancient Greek vase painter and potter, active in Athens in the late 6th and early 5th centuries BC. As part of the so-called "Pioneer Group," (a modern name given to a group of vase painters who were instrumental in effecting the change from black-figure to red-figure pottery), Euphronios was one of the most important artists of the red-figure technique. His works place him at the transition from Late Archaic to Early Classical art, and he is one of the first known artists in history to have signed his work.

Artystone (; ; Elamite , ) also known as Irtašduna in the Fortification tablets, was an Achaemenid princess, daughter of king Cyrus the Great, and sister of Cambyses II, Atossa and Smerdis. Along with Atossa and her niece Parmys, Artystone married king Darius I. It is argued that by marrying the female offspring of Cyrus, the founder of the empire, the new king aimed to prevent his rule from being contested, since Darius himself was not of royal blood.

Amestris (, Amēstris, perhaps the same as Άμαστρις, Amāstris, from Old Persian Amāstrī-, "strong woman") was an Achaemenid queen, wife of king Xerxes I and mother of king Artaxerxes I.She was one of the influential women of the Achaemenid era, extremely powerful and vindictive.

ancient Attic-Greek vase-painter of the red-figure style

early 5th-century BC Roman senator and general

Roman consul in 495 BC

late 6th/early 5th-century BC Roman senator and general

Chinese historian (556–451 BC), responsible for an important commentary on Confucius's Spring & Autumn Annals

Megabyzus (, a folk-etymological alteration of Old Persian Bagabuxša, meaning "God saved") was an Achaemenid Persian general, son of Zopyrus, satrap of Babylonia, and grandson of Megabyzus I, one of the seven conspirators who had put Darius I on the throne. His father was killed when the satrapy rebelled in 484 BCE, and Megabyzus led the forces that recaptured the city, after which the statue of the god Marduk was destroyed to prevent future revolts. Megabyzus subsequently took part in the Second Persian invasion of Greece (480–479 BCE). Herodotus claims that he refused to act on orders to pil

thumb|Megabates was son of Arsames, and brother of Hystaspes. Megabates (Old Persian: ; Ancient Greek: ; dates unknown) was a Persian military leader in the late 6th and early 5th centuries BC. According to Herodotus he was a cousin of Darius the Great and his brother Artaphernes, satrap of Lydia.

early 5th century BC Roman dictator and consul

Roman magistrate and consul in 505 BC and 503 BC

ancient Greek vase painter (5./6. century BCE)

5th-century BC Roman statesman, general and consul

Roman aristocrat and consul (502 BC)

ancient Greek philosopher

Iron Age bog body from Denmark

5th-century BC Greek vase painter and potter

5th-century BC Greek playwright

ancient Attic-Greek vase-painter of the red-figure style

Athenian vase painter

thumb|Palaestra|Palaistra scene on a plate, about 520/10 BCE. [[Louvre.]] Epiktetos was an Attic vase painter in the early red-figure style. Besides Oltos, he was the most important painter of the Pioneer Group. He was active between 520 BCE and 490 BCE. His name translates as "newly acquired", which is most probably a reference to his slave status.

Jīvaka (; ) was the personal physician () of the Buddha and the Indian King Bimbisāra. He lived in Rājagṛha, present-day Rajgir, in the 5th century BCE. Sometimes described as the "Medicine King" () and "Thrice Crowned physician" he figures prominently in legendary accounts in Asia as a model healer, and is honoured as such by traditional healers in several Asian countries.

ancient Greek vase painter (5./6. century BCE)

Roman politician who was consul in 500 BC

Roman general, consul in 480 BC

Thrasydaeus (), tyrant of Agrigentum in Magna Graecia, was the son and successor of Theron. Already during his father's lifetime he had been appointed to the government of Himera, where, by his violent and arbitrary conduct, he alienated the citizens, so that they were close to revolt. But when they sought support from Hiero of Syracuse, he betrayed them to Theron, who then put to death the leaders of the disaffected party and re-established his authority. Whether Thrasydaeus retained his position at Himera after this is unknown; but on the death of Theron (473 BC) he succeeded without opposit

ancient Greek vase painter (5./6. century BCE)

ancient Greek vase painter

Chaerephon (; , Chairephōn; c. 470/460 – 403/399 BCE), of the Athenian deme Sphettus, was an ancient Greek best remembered as a loyal friend and follower of Socrates. He is known only through brief descriptions by classical writers and was "an unusual man by all accounts", though a man of loyal democratic values.

Roman senator and general (died 476 BC)

Roman senator, consul in 478 BC

early 5th-century BC Athenian vase painter

Athenian red-figure vase painter (5. century BCE)

Pyrilampes () was an ancient Athenian politician and stepfather of the philosopher Plato. His dates of birth and death are unknown, but Debra Nails estimates he must have been born after 480 BC and died before 413 BC.

ancient Greek vase painter

thumb|200px|Hermonax: stamnos G 416, death of Orpheus, Paris, [[Louvre]]

Parmys (Old Persian: (H)uparviyā, Elamite: Uparmiya) was a Persian princess, the only daughter of Bardiya (Smerdis), son of Cyrus the Great.

Prince of Achaemenid Dynasty

5th-century BC Roman military consular tribune

ancient Greek vase painter

Attic red-figure vase painter

ancient Attic-Greek vase-painter of the red-figure style

Roman Republic suffectus consul in 478 BC

ancient Attic-Greek red-figure vase painter

Iron Age bog body found in Lower Saxony, Germany

vase painter

Ancient Lucanean-Greek vase-painter of the red-figure style

ancient Attic-Greek vase-painter of the red-figure style

ancient Apulian-Greek vase-painter of red-figure style

King of Upatissa Nuwara (Sri Lanka) from 454 to 437 BC

ancient Greek artist