640s BC deaths

Archilochus (; Arkhílokhos; 680 – c. 645 BC) was an iambic poet of the Archaic period from the island of Paros. He is celebrated for his versatile and innovative use of poetic meters, and is the earliest known Greek author to compose almost entirely on the theme of his own emotions and experiences.

King of Rome from 672 to 640 BC

King of Judah (Second Book of Chronicles)

King of Judah noted in 2 Kings 21:18

Teïspes (from Greek , Teispēs; in Čišpiš; Akkadian: 𒅆𒅖𒉿𒅖 Šîšpîš, Elamite: Zi-iš-pi-iš) ruled Anshan in 675–640 BC. He was the son of Achaemenes of Persis and an ancestor of Cyrus the Great. There is evidence that Cyrus I and Ariaramnes were both his sons. Cyrus I is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, whereas Ariaramnes is the great-grandfather of Darius the Great.

king of Lydia, 7th century BC

Šamaš-šuma-ukin ( or , meaning "Shamash has established the name"), was king of Babylon as a vassal of the Neo-Assyrian Empire from 668 BC to his death in 648. Born into the Assyrian royal family, Šamaš-šuma-ukin was the son of the Neo-Assyrian king Esarhaddon and the elder brother of Esarhaddon's successor Ashurbanipal.

Chinese chancellor and reformer (c. 720–645 BC)

ruler of Qi state; head of the Five Hegemons during the Chinese Spring Autumn period

Bartatua or Protothyes was a Scythian king who ruled during the period of the Scythian presence in Western Asia in the 7th century BCE.

Chinese politician

ruler of Chen from 692 to 648 BC

Lü Wukui () was ruler of the Qi state for three months in early 642 BC. He was succeeded by his younger brother, Duke Xiao.

ruler of the state of Cai from 675 to 646 BC