646 births

second caliph of the Umayyad caliphate (646-683)

Tonyukuk or Ashide Yuanzhen (, , , born , died ) was the baga-tarkhan (supreme commander) and adviser of four successive Göktürk khagans – Ilterish Qaghan, Qapaghan Qaghan, Inel Qaghan and Bilge Qaghan. He conducted victorious campaigns against various Turkic and non-Turkic steppe peoples, such as the Tölis, Xueyantuo, Toquz Oguz, Yenisei Kyrgyz, Kurykans, Thirty Tatar, Khitan and Tatabi as well as the Tang dynasty. He was described as a kingmaker by historians such as E. P. Thompson and Peter Benjamin Golden.

Tang Dynasty calligrapher

leader of Kharijite rebellion in central Iraq (died 697/8)

Chinese prince