9th-century geographers

Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, or simply al-Khwarizmi () was a mathematician active during the Islamic Golden Age, who produced Arabic-language works in mathematics, astronomy, and geography. Around 820, he worked at the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, the contemporary capital city of the Abbasid Caliphate. One of the most prominent scholars of the period, his works were widely influential on later authors, both in the Islamic world and Europe.

'''Abu l-Abbas Ahmad bin Abi Ya'qub bin Ja'far bin Wahb bin Wadiḥ al-Ya'qubi (died 897/8), commonly referred to simply by his nisba al-Yaʿqubi''', was an Arab Muslim historian and geographer.

Persian Islamic polymath (died 895)

medieval manuscript listing the tribes of central and eastern Europe

Abbasid Caliphate scholar

Tang Dynasty chancellor