9th-century mathematicians

Abū Yūsuf Yaʻqūb ibn ʼIsḥāq aṣ-Ṣabbāḥ al-Kindī (; ; ; ) was an Arab polymath who was active as a philosopher, mathematician, physician, and music theorist. Al-Kindi was the first of the Islamic peripatetic philosophers, and is hailed as the "father of Arab philosophy".

Al-Battani (before 858929), archaically Latinized as Albategnius, was a Arab Muslim astronomer, astrologer, geographer and mathematician, who lived and worked for most of his life at Raqqa, now in Syria. He is considered to be one of the greatest and most famous of the astronomers of the medieval Islamic world.

Mesopotamian astronomer and mathematician

Islamic Mathematician

Arabic mathematician

Turkic Muslim mathematician

Syrian Melkite Christian physician, philosopher, astronomer, mathematician and translator (820–912)

mathematician

Medieval Arab mathematician

thumb|Two ivory tablets attributed to Tuotilo

9th century mathematician

Spanish explorer and mathematician