Adulteration

Cocaine is a stimulant of the central nervous system and tropane alkaloid, derived primarily from the leaves of two coca species native to South America: Erythroxylum coca and E. novogranatense. The leaves are processed into cocaine paste, a crude mixture of coca alkaloids, from which cocaine base is isolated and then converted to cocaine hydrochloride. Although total synthesis is possible, it is complex and not used for production. Historically, cocaine was a standard topical medication used as a local anesthetic with intrinsic vasoconstrictor properties. However, its high abuse potential, ad

Middle Eastern distilled spirit

chemical compound

Desomorphine (or in some formulations known as Krokodil) is a semi-synthetic opioid commercialized by Roche, with powerful, fast-acting effects, such as sedation and analgesia. It was first discovered and patented in Germany by a German team working for Knoll in 1920 but was not generally recognized. It was later synthesized in 1932 by American chemist Lyndon Frederick Small. Small also successfully patented it in 1934 in the United States. Desomorphine was used in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland under the brand name Permonid and was described as having a fast onset and a short duration of a

ethanol with additives to discourage recreational consumption

Food safety crisis

substance within a material differing from its overall composition

Contamination is the presence of a constituent, impurity, or some other undesirable element that renders something unsuitable, unfit or harmful for the physical body, natural environment, workplace, etc.

food scandal in Europe

oil drainage

An adulterant is a substance discreetly added to another that may compromise the safety or effectiveness. Consumable products, such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and fuels, are frequently adulterated to reduce the cost or difficulty of production without the knowledge of the buyer, allowing the product to be sold at the same price as a chemically pure equivalent. The adulteration of street drugs is known as lacing.

string of murders in Chicago in 1982 involving poisoned Tylenol medicine

foodborne illness

food contamination event in Europe and Asia

bioterror attack

mass poisonings since the 1990s

thumb|Chang'aa being made '''Chang'aa''' is a traditional home-brewed spirit, popular in Kenya. It is made by fermentation and distillation from grains like millet, maize and sorghum, and is very potent.

arsenic poisoning in United Kingdom

secret, illegal production of chemical products such as drugs and explosives

right|150px|thumb|Uganda Waragi thumb|150px|A small bag of Uganda Waragi

rebellion

Chinese alcoholic drink

Recall of melamine-contaminated pet food

liquor made in rural parts of the Indian subcontinent

Human disease

Improperly prepared sulfanilamide medicine that caused mass poisoning in the US in 1937

liquor made in many places in Latin America

crude extract of coca leaf

qualitative signifier of chemical purity level

foodstuffs that have been fraudulently altered

Nitrogenous compounds found in living systems