Ageing processes

Glycation (non-enzymatic glycosylation) is the covalent attachment of a sugar to a protein, lipid or nucleic acid molecule. Typical sugars that participate in glycation are glucose, fructose, galactose, and their derivatives. Glycation is the non-enzymatic process responsible for many (e.g. micro and macrovascular) complications in diabetes mellitus and is implicated in other diseases and in aging.

disorder characterized by the progressive loss of function and/or structure of the affected tissues

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phenomenon characterized by the cessation of cell division

thumb|alt=Immunosenescence|Immunosenescence Immunosenescence is the gradual deterioration of the immune system, brought on by natural age advancement. It affects both innate and adaptive immunity, including changes in lymphocyte production, immune cell function, and inflammatory regulation. Immunosenescence involves both the host's capacity to respond to infections and the development of long-term immune memory. Age-associated immune deficiency is found in both long- and short-lived species as a function of their age relative to life expectancy rather than elapsed time.