Agroforestry

thumb|upright=1.35|Maize grown under Faidherbia albida and [[Borassus akeassii near Banfora, Burkina Faso ]] Agroforestry (also known as agro-sylviculture or forest farming) is a land use management system that integrates trees with crops or pasture. It combines agricultural and forestry technologies. As a polyculture system, an agroforestry system can produce timber and wood products, fruits, nuts, other edible plant products, edible mushrooms, medicinal plants, ornamental plants, animals and animal products, and other products from both domesticated and wild species.

thumb|Shea tree|Shea butter trees planted near residential areas to serve as windbreaks A windbreak (shelterbelt) is a planting usually made up of one or more rows of trees or shrubs planted in such a manner as to provide shelter from the wind and to protect soil from erosion. They are commonly planted in hedgerows around the edges of fields on farms. If designed properly, windbreaks around a home can reduce the cost of heating and cooling and save energy. Windbreaks are also planted to help keep snow from drifting onto roadways or yards. Farmers sometimes use windbreaks to keep snow drifts on

thumb|upright=1.2|Coconut and Mexican marigold, a multilayer cropping in India

farming practice described by Masanobu Fukuoka (1913–2008)

thumb|Silvopasture integrates livestock, forage, and trees. (photo: USDA NAC)Silvopasture (silva is forest in Latin) or wood pasture is the practice of integrating trees, forage, and the grazing of domesticated animals in a mutually beneficial way. It utilizes the principles of managed grazing, and it is one of several distinct forms of agroforestry. If done correctly, silvopastures can count as nature-based solutions to climate change.

World Heritage Site in Ethiopia

ecological theory

predecessor organization of CIFOR ICRAF

thumb|upright=1.2|Amanita species are [[ectomycorrhizal with many trees.]]

Largely undeveloped or wild land, usually forested, surrounding a river or stream