Ajuran Sultanate

Mogadishu, locally known as Xamar or Hamar, or Jorawar, is the capital and most populous city of Somalia. The city has served as an important port connecting traders across the Indian Ocean for millennia and has an estimated urban population of 4,126,815.

Merca (; ) is the capital city of the Lower Shebelle province of Somalia, a historic port city in the region. It is located approximately to the southwest of the nation's capital Mogadishu. Merca is the traditional home territory of the Bimal clan and was the center of the Bimal revolt.

Barawa ( Barāwe, , Baraawe, Barāwa, Italian: Brava), also known as Barawe and Brava, is the capital of the South West State of Somalia. It functions as a port town in the southwestern Lower Shebelle region of Somalia. Facing the Indian Ocean, Barawa serves as the main port of South West State.

Somali Muslim empire (13th-late 17th century)

Afgooye (, , ) is a town in the southeastern Somalia Lower Shebelle (Shabellaha Hoose) region of Somalia. It is the center of the Afgooye District. Afgooye is the third largest city of Southwest State. Afgooye is one of the oldest towns on the lower Shebelle valley, 30 kilometers north of Mogadishu. Afgooye is the site of Lafoole college, the first college of education in Somalia, built on the site of the battle of Lafoole of 1896. Afgooye is also known for the Istunka, the annual "stick fight" carnival commemorating the New Year in the riverine region. It was a trade center for the Silcis Dyn

Hobyo (; ) is an ancient port city in Galmudug state in the north-central Mudug region of Somalia.

former Somali kingdom that ruled parts of the Horn of Africa

2nd military encounter between Portuguese and Ottoman Empire

1st military encounter between Portuguese and Ottoman Empire

Warsheikh (, ,) is an administration center and coastal town of Warsheikh district. Warsheikh is located in the southeastern Middle Shabelle region of Hirshabelle State of Somalia. On the south, Warsheikh is bordered by the Banadir region, and on the north Adale District.

Gondershe, also known as Gandershe (, ; or El Torreh Al-Toureh , ; Swahili: Gonderashe ), is an archaeological site on the Somali Sea. It was at one point one of the most important districts of the Geledi Sultanate. Residents were largely from the Gendershe clan in the Lower Shabelle region of Southwest State of Somalia. Gondershe today is noted for its citadel and other various historical structures.

Coinage minted by the Sultanate of Mogadishu

Mareeg (also known as Mareg, Meregh and Märēg) is a locality in the Galguduud region of central Somalia, in the Galmudug state.

thumb|right|300px|Somalis in mock combat Istunka, also known as isgaraac, is a festival held annually in Afgooye, Somalia on the Somali New Year. The tournament was developed during the medieval Ajuran period, and was centralized in the 19th century under the Sultanate of the Geledi. Consisting of several teams engaging each other in mock combat, it is celebrated alongside other ceremonies such as Dabshiid.