Alchemical tools

equipment consisting of a bowl in which substances are ground using a pestle

thumb| A modern crucible used in the production of silicon ingots via the [[Czochralski process|400x400px]] thumb|Smaller clay graphite crucibles for copper alloy melting|300x300px A crucible is a container in which metals or other substances may be melted or subjected to very high temperatures. Although crucibles have historically tended to be made out of clay, they can be made from any material that withstands temperatures high enough to melt or otherwise alter its contents.

thumb|upright=1.2|Picture of an alembic from a medieval manuscript

thumb|A copper retort thumb|300px|A glass retort

thumb|Mangal (barbecue)|mangal A brazier () is a container used to burn charcoal or other solid fuel for cooking, heating, or rituals. It often takes the form of a metal box or bowl with feet, but in some places it is made of terracotta. Its elevation helps circulate air, feeding oxygen to the fire. Braziers have been used since ancient times; the Nimrud brazier dates to at least 824 BC.

thumb|200px| 16th century cupellation furnaces (per Georgius Agricola|Agricola)

laboratory equipment

right|thumb|Athanor In alchemy, an athanor is a furnace used to provide a uniform and constant heat for alchemical digestion.

laboratory equipment for even heating of a reaction vessel using sand

thumb|An individual ceramic aludel pot An aludel ( from Greek , 'smoky, sooty, burnt-colored') is a subliming pot used in alchemy. The term refers to a range of earthen tubes, or pots without bottoms, fitted one over another, and diminishing as they advance towards the top. The lowest is adapted to a pot, placed in a furnace, wherein the matter to be sublimed is placed. At the top is a head to retain the flowers, or condensation, which ascends. An aludel was used as a condenser in the sublimation process and thus came to signify the end-stages of transformation and the symbol of creation. Also