Alternatives to animal testing

Latin term meaning outside a natural biological environment

simulation, run on a single computer, or a network of computers, to reproduce behavior of a system; modeling a real physical system in a computer

process by which cells are grown under controlled conditions

Latin phrase

medical testing related to genetic disorders

thumb|Laboratory rat

academic discipline in cheminformatics

Microdosing, or micro-dosing, involves the administration of sub-therapeutic doses of drugs to study their effects in humans, aiming to gather preliminary data on safety, pharmacokinetics, and potential therapeutic benefits without producing significant physiological effects. This is called a "Phase 0 study" and is usually conducted before clinical Phase I to predict whether a drug is viable for the next phase of testing. Human microdosing aims to reduce the resources spent on non-viable drugs and the amount of testing done on animals.

test methods that avoid the use of animals

cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate

species of fungus