Analogy

Analogy is a comparison or correspondence between two things (or two groups of things) because of a third element that they are considered to share.

Qiyas (, , ) is the process of deductive analogy in which the teachings of the hadith are compared and contrasted with those of the Quran in Islamic jurisprudence, in order to apply a known injunction (nass) to a new circumstance and create a new injunction. Here the ruling of the sunnah and the Quran may be used as a means to solve or provide a response to a new problem that may arise. This, however, is only the case providing that the set precedent or paradigm and the new problem that has come about will share operative causes (, ʿillah). The ʿillah is the specific set of circumstances that

"Whataboutism" or "whataboutery" (as in, "but what about X?") refers to the propaganda strategy of responding to an accusation with a counter-accusation instead of offering an explanation or defense against the original accusation. It is an informal fallacy that the accused party uses to avoid accountability—whether attempting to distract by shifting the conversation's focus away from their behaviour or attempting to justify themselves by pointing to the similar behaviour (which may be true or false, but irrelevant) of their opponent or another party who is not the current subject of discussio

visual illustration of the history of the Universe

method in law which is used to resolve issues on which there is no previous authority

type of inductive argument, whereby perceived similarities are used as a basis to infer some further similarity that has yet to be observed

the ultimate authority or standard in religious belief, such as the Bible alone as among Protestants; the Bible and the Church as among Romanists; reason alone as among rationalists; the inner light of the spirit as among mystics

Analogy in fluid dynamics

Analogy to communicate geologic time