Arabian gods

thumb|right|The word 'Allah' in thuluth calligraphy

In Arabian mythology, Hubal () was a god worshipped in pre-Islamic Arabia, notably by the Quraysh at the Kaaba in Mecca. The god's icon was a human figure believed to control acts of divination, which was performed by tossing arrows before the statue. The direction in which the arrows pointed answered questions asked to Hubal.

thumb|Dushara Dushara (; ), also transliterated as Dusares or Dhu Shara, is a pre-Islamic Arabian god worshipped by the Nabataeans at Petra and Hegra (of which city he was the patron). Safaitic inscriptions imply he was the son of the goddess Al-Lat, and that he assembled in the heavens with other deities. He is called "Dushara from Petra" in one inscription. Dushara was expected to bring justice if called by the correct ritual.

Wadd () (Ancient South Arabian script: 𐩥𐩵) was the national god of the Kingdom of Ma'in, inhabited by the Minaean peoples, in modern-day South Arabia.

Syro-Roman sun god

Yaghūth (Arabic "He Helps" يَغُوثَ) or Jageth, if translated to English, was a deity or idol referred to in the Quran (71:23). Jageth or Yaghuth was a righteous man who lived a few generations before Noah in Islam and after Adam. The Quran mentions him and 4 other idols who were righteous men but later worshipped by people who were deceived by Satan in Islam. They were possibly worshipped by Pre-Islamic Arabian tribes or in Mesopotamia and Turkey.

Suwāʿ () or Soveh, if translated to English, is mentioned in the Qur'an (71:23) as a deity of the time of the Prophet Noah.

pre-Islamic Arabian shrine and deity

pre-Islamic Arabian deity

Pre-Islamic Arabian deity

Al-Qaum () was the Nabataean god of war and the night, and guardian of caravans. He was also known as the “Protector of the Clan.”

Almaqah or Almuqh (; ) was national deity of the Sabaeans of the pre-Islamic Yemeni kingdom of Saba', representing the Moon or Sun god. He was also worshipped in Dʿmt and Aksum in Ethiopia and Eritrea. The main center for his worship was at the Awwam Temple, which remained in use until the fourth century AD.

moon deity of the Arab pantheon

Arsu was a god worshipped in Palmyra, Syria.

'''Ta'lab''' () was a god worshipped in ancient Yemen, particularly by Sumʿay tribes. Ta'lab was the moon god and also a protector of pastures. The name Ta'lab means “goat”, an animal that was considered sacred by southern Arabs. Ta'lab’s oracle was consulted for advice. A shrine dedicated to him existed in Jabal Riyam in north Sanaa.

According to the 5th century BCE Greek historian Herodotus, Orotalt () was a god of pre-Islamic Arabia whom he identified with the Greek god Dionysus:

pre-Islamic Arabian god

In ancient Arab mythology, Azizos or Aziz (Palmyrene: 𐡰𐡦𐡩𐡦 ʿzyz) is the Palmyran Arab god of the morning star. He is portrayed as riding a camel with his twin brother Arsu, although one source says that "Azizos is depicted as a horseman, whereas Arşu is a cameleer." He was venerated separately in Syria as god of the morning star, Phosphoros, in company with the astral god Monimos, Hesperos.

pre-Islamic Arabian deities

ʿAmm (; ) was a moon god worshipped in ancient Qataban, which was a kingdom in ancient Yemen. 'Amm's name stems from the Arabic word for paternal uncle. The inhabitants of the kingdom referred to themselves as the Banu Amm, or the "Children of Amm". He was also revered as a weather god, as his attributes included lightning bolts. His consort is the goddess Asherah, and he was served by the oracle-judge Anbay.

Raḥmānān (Musnad: 𐩧𐩢𐩣𐩬𐩬 rḥmnn, "the Merciful") was an epithet and theonym predominantly used to refer to a singular, monotheistic God from the fourth to sixth centuries in South Arabia (though the term originates much earlier in Syria), beginning when the ruling class of the Himyarite Kingdom converted to Judaism and replacing invocations to polytheistic religions. The term may have also been monolatrous until the arrival of Christianity in the mid-sixth century.

In Greek religion and mythology, Theandrios (, "God-Man") or Theandrates (Θεανδράτης) is a deity that was worshipped in towns and villages around Mount Hermon by North Arabian tribes of pre-Islamic Arabia. Theandrios is evidenced by a dedication to a male god found at Beit Rime, Syria and it is supposed that the Greek name was imposed on a previous god of the region. He has been considered the Arabian version of similar "God-man" deities such as Dionysus, Heracles, Mithras, Krishna and Jesus.

Anbay (Qatabanian: , romanized: , ) is a pre-Islamic deity who was originally worshipped in Qataban, in what is now Yemen. He was regarded as a deity of justice and an oracle, in attendance to the moon deity Amm. Anbay's name was invoked in a range of legal matters, from filing paperwork for the legal title of a building to the royal regulation of water supplies.

Bajir (alternatively Bajar or Bahar) was a minor deity worshiped by the pre-Islamic Arabian tribe Azd. In addition to the Azd, there is also indication that other neighbouring tribes such as Tayy and al-Qudaa might have revered the deity.

Haubas (or Hawbas) was a god worshiped in South Arabia in pre-Islamic times, especially Sheba.

Basamum was a deity worshipped in pre-Islamic South Arabia. His name may be derived from the proto-Arabic basam, or balsam, a plant that was used in ancient medicines, indicating that he may have been a deity associated with healing or health. One ancient text referred to Basamum curing two sick goats or ibexes.

Awal () is an ancient name of Bahrain, an island country in the Arabian peninsula. The name Awal had remained in use, probably for eight centuries. Awal Premi was derived from the name of a god that used to be worshiped by the inhabitants of the islands before the advent of Islam. Awal resembled the head of an ox. As for the meaning of this name, there are ʼawwal 'first, first part, previous'; ʼawwalan 'firstly, at first'; ʼawwalī 'prime, primordial, original'.