Arabic letters

REDIRECT Aleph#Arabic ʾalif

'''''' () is the fifteenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, one of the six letters not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others being , , , , ). In name and shape, it is a variant of . Its numerical value is 800 (see Abjad numerals). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪓‎‎‎, South Arabian .

'''''' () is the fourth letter of the Arabic alphabet, one of the six letters not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others being , , , , ). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪛‎‎‎‎, and South Arabian .

The Arabic letter ' (, or ', ) is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being , , , , ). It represents the sound or . In name and shape, it is a variant of ʻayn (). Its numerical value is 1000 (see Abjad numerals). In Persian, it represents ~ and is the twenty-second letter in the new Persian alphabet.

''' or (, transliterated as (DIN-31635), (Hans Wehr), (ALA-LC) or (ISO 233)) is one of the six letters the Arabic alphabet added to the twenty-two inherited from the Phoenician alphabet (the others being , , , , ). It is based on the ' . It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪍‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

thumb|The main pronunciations of written in Arabic dialects.|500x500px

Arabic letter seen (U+0633) or sīn

', or ' (), is the seventeenth letter of the Arabic alphabet, one of the six letters not in the twenty-two akin to the Phoenician alphabet (the others being , , , , ). In name and shape, it is a variant of . Its numerical value is 900 (see Abjad numerals). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪜‎‎, and South Arabian .

The hamza ( '') () is an Arabic script character that, in the Arabic alphabet, denotes a glottal stop and, in non-Arabic languages, indicates a diphthong, vowel, or other features, depending on the language. Derived from the letter ʿayn'' (), the hamza is written in initial, medial, and final positions as an unlinked letter or placed above or under a carrier character. Despite its common usage as a letter in Modern Standard Arabic, it is generally not considered to be one of its letters, although some argue that it should be considered so.

Aleph (or alef or alif, transliterated ʾ) is the first letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ʾālep , Hebrew ʾālef , Aramaic ʾālap , Syriac ʾālap̄ , Arabic ʾalif , and North Arabian . It also appears as South Arabian and Ge'ez ʾälef .

second letter of many Semitic alphabets

Mem (also spelled Meem, Meme, or Mim) is the thirteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew mēm , Aramaic mem 𐡌, Syriac mīm ܡ, Arabic mīm , and Phoenician mēm 𐤌. Its sound value is . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪃‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek mu (Μ), Etruscan class=skin-invert-image|10px|M, Latin M, and Cyrillic М.

Gimel is the third (in alphabetical order; fifth in spelling order) letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician gīml 𐤂, Hebrew gīmel , Aramaic gāmal 𐡂, Syriac gāmal ܓ Arabic jīm . Ancient North Arabian 𐪔‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

Dalet (, also spelled Daleth or Daled) is the fourth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ' 𐤃, Hebrew , Aramaic ' 𐡃, Syriac '''' ܕ, and Arabic (in abjadi order; 8th in modern order). Its sound value is the voiced alveolar plosive (). It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪕‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

Taw, tav, or taf is the twenty-second and last letter of the Semitic abjads, including Arabic tāʾ , Aramaic taw 𐡕‎, Hebrew tav , Phoenician tāw 𐤕, and Syriac taw ܬ. In Arabic, it also gives rise to the derived letter ṯāʾ. Taw's original sound value has been claimed to be . It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪉‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Geʽez .

sixth letter of many Semitic alphabets

Lamedh or lamed is the twelfth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Hebrew lāmeḏ , Aramaic lāmaḏ 𐡋, Syriac lāmaḏ ܠ, Arabic lām , and Phoenician lāmd 𐤋. Its sound value is . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪁‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

representation of vowels as independent letters where they would otherwise be indicated by optional diacritics in a given orthography

Zayin (also spelled zain or zayn or simply zay) is the seventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician zayn 𐤆, Hebrew zayīn , Aramaic zain 𐡆, Syriac zayn ܙ, and Arabic zāy . It represents the sound . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪘‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .‌ The Phoenician letter gave rise to the Greek zeta (Ζ), Etruscan z class=skin-invert|14px|Z, Latin Z, and Cyrillic Ze З, as well as Ж.

fifth letter of many Semitic alphabets

Heth, sometimes written Chet or Ḥet, is the eighth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ḥēt 𐤇, Hebrew ḥēt , Aramaic ḥēṯ 𐡇, Syriac ḥēṯ ܚ, and Arabic ḥāʾ . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪂‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

Teth, also written as ' or Tet', is the ninth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṭēt 𐤈, Hebrew ṭēt , Aramaic ṭēṯ 𐡈, Syriac ṭēṯ ܛ, and Arabic ṭāʾ . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪗‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Geʽez .

seventeenth letter of the Semitic scripts

Ayin (also ayn or ain; transliterated ) is the sixteenth letter of the Semitic scripts, including Phoenician ʿayin 𐤏, Hebrew ʿayin , Aramaic ʿē 𐡏, Syriac ʿē ܥ, and Arabic ʿayn (where it is sixteenth in abjadi order only). It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪒‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

fourteenth letter of many Semitic alphabets

twenty-first letter in many Semitic alphabets

Resh is the twentieth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician rēš 𐤓, Hebrew rēš , Aramaic rēš 𐡓‎, Syriac rēš ܪ, and Arabic rāʾ . It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪇‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . Its sound value is one of a number of rhotic consonants: usually or , but also or in Hebrew and some North Mesopotamian Arabic dialects.

Qoph is the nineteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician qōp 𐤒, Hebrew qūp̄ , Aramaic qop 𐡒, Syriac qōp̄ ܩ, and Arabic qāf . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian , South Arabian , and Geʽez .

Tsade (also spelled ', , , , tzadi, sadhe, tzaddik') is the eighteenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician ṣādē 𐤑, Hebrew ṣādī , Aramaic ṣāḏē 𐡑, Syriac ṣāḏē ܨ, Ge'ez ṣädäy ጸ, and Arabic ṣād . It is related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . The corresponding letter of the Ugaritic alphabet is 𐎕 ṣade.

Kaph (also spelled kaf) is the eleventh letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician kāp 𐤊, Hebrew kāp̄ , Aramaic kāp 𐡊, Syriac kāp̄ ܟ, and Arabic kāf (in abjadi order). It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪋‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez .

Yodh (also spelled jodh, yod, or jod) is the tenth letter of the Semitic abjads, including Phoenician yōd 𐤉, Hebrew yod , Aramaic yod 𐡉, Syriac yōḏ ܝ, and Arabic yāʾ . It is also related to the Ancient North Arabian 𐪚‎‎‎, South Arabian , and Ge'ez . Its sound value is in all languages for which it is used; in many languages, it also serves as a long vowel, representing .

Arabic letter veh (U+06A4), used in Kurdish, Khwarazmian, early Persian, Wakhi, Ajami, or to represent the phoneme /p/ in Jawi, or the phoneme /v/ in foreign words for Middle Eastern Arabic

Ḍal or ḍāl is a letter of the extended Arabic alphabet, derived from dāl () by placing a small t̤oʾe (; historically four dots in a square pattern, e.g. ) on top. It is not used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent a voiced retroflex plosive [ɖ] in Urdu, Punjabi written in the Shahmukhi script, and Kashmiri as well as Balochi. The small t̤oʾe diacritic is used to indicate a retroflex consonant in Urdu. It is the twelfth letter of the Urdu alphabet. Its Abjad value is considered to be 4. In Urdu, this letter may also be called dāl-e-musaqqalā ("heavy dal") or dāl-e-hind

Ṭe is a letter of the extended Arabic alphabet, derived from te () by replacing the dots with a small t̤oʾe (; historically four dots in a square pattern, e.g. ). It is not used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent an voiceless retroflex plosive [ʈ] in Urdu, Punjabi written in the Shahmukhi script, and Kashmiri as well as Balochi. The small t̤oʾe diacritic is used to indicate a retroflex consonant in Urdu. It is the fifth letter of the Urdu alphabet. Its Abjad value is considered to be 400. In Urdu, this letter may also be called tā-ye-musaqqalā ("heavy te") or tā-ye-h

Khē, or Keheh, is a letter of the Arabic script, used to write in Sindhi. It is equivalent to in Sindhi's Devanagari orthography.

Ṛe, also Aṛ, is a letter of the extended Arabic alphabet, based on rāʾ () with the addition of a diacritical ṭāʾ (; historically four dots in a square pattern, e.g. ) on top. It is not used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent the word-medial and word-final retroflex flap [ɽ] in Urdu, Punjabi written in the Shahmukhi script, and Kashmiri. The small t̤oʾe diacritic is used to indicate a retroflex consonant in Urdu. Its Abjad value is considered to be 200. In Urdu, this letter may also be called rā-ye-musaqqalā ("heavy re") or rā-ye-hindiyā ("Indian re"). In Devanagari, this c

Arabic letter yeh barree (U+06D2) or big yā, elongated variant of the Arabic letter Farsi yā, used in Urdu and Shahmukhi to represent a long vowel /eː/ or /ɛː/

The waṣla () or '''''' (, 'hamza of connection') is a variant of the letter hamza () resembling part of the letter tsade| () that is sometimes placed over the letter aleph| at the beginning of the word (). The ʾalif with waṣla over it is called the (, 'aleph of connection'). It indicates that the alif is not pronounced as a glottal stop (written as the hamza), but that the word is connected to the previous word (like liaison in French). Outside of vocalised liturgical texts, the is usually not written.

B̤ē (ٻ) is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from bāʼ (ب) with an additional dot. It is not used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent the sound when writing Sindhi, Saraiki, and Hausa in the Arabic script. The same sound may also be written simply as bāʾ in Hausa, undifferentiated from .

ڄ, Arabic letter dyeh (U+0684), is an additional letter of the Arabic script, not used in the Arabic alphabet itself but used in Sindhi and Saraiki to represent a voiced palatal implosive, . For ڄ example is used in ڄموں، ڄلم۔ It is written as ॼ in Saraiki and Sindhi's Devanagari orthography.

Gueh () is an additional letter of the Arabic script, used in Sindhi and Saraiki to represent a voiced velar implosive . It is derived from gāf (), with the addition of two dots. It is equivalent to ॻ in Saraiki and Sindhi's Devanagari orthography.

Arabic letter noon ghunna (U+06BA)or nūn-e ġunna, used in Urdu and archaic Arabic; indicates nasalized vowels in Urdu; dotless in all four contextual forms

Ṭhē is an additional letter of the Arabic script. It has the basic shape of tāʼ (''''), but with vertical dots, rather than horizontal. It is not used in the Arabic alphabet itself, but is used to represent an aspirated in Sindhi, a language mainly spoken in Pakistan. Its Latin description is ṭh, or sometimes t́h''.

ڱ, Arabic letter ngoeh (U+06B1), is an additional letter of the Arabic script, not used in the Arabic alphabet itself but used in Sindhi to represent a voiced velar nasal, . For example, it is used in آڱُر meaning 'finger'. It is written as ङ in Sindhi's Devanagari script.

ݨ, (Arabic letter noon with small tah (U+0768), ṇūṇ), is an additional letter of the Arabic script, not used in the Arabic alphabet itself but used in Shahmukhi Punjabi, and Shina to represent a retroflex nasal consonant, . ڼ is the twenty-ninth letter of Pashto alphabet. It represents the retroflex nasal letter (IPA: [ɳ]) or Ṇ in Latin Alphabets, which is ण in Devanagari and ਣ in Gurmukhi. In Sindhi, is used. thumb|In Nastaliq font. The Unicode for the letter ݨ was approved in 2005 and is used since version 4.1. Shahmukhi uses the letter ⟨ݨ⟩ for . Previously, was used to represent a voiced re

Arabic letter heh goal (U+06C1) or “choṭī hē” (round hā’): variant of the Arabic letter hā’ as used in Urdu (and distinguished from heh doachashmee ‹ھ›); pronounced /ɑ/ at the end of a word, otherwise /h/ or silent

Arabic-based letter

ݙ is an additional letter of the Arabic script, not used in the Arabic alphabet itself but used in Saraiki to represent a voiced alveolar implosive, . Its other form is also found in Saraiki as spoken in Multan in the form of voiced retroflex implosive, .

Arabic-based letter

Additional letter of the Arabic script

ݭ is an additional letter of the Arabic script, derived from sīn (س) with the addition of two vertically aligned dots above the letter. It is not used in the Arabic language, but is used in Kalami to represent a voiceless retroflex fricative, , and in Ormuri to represent a voiceless alveolo-palatal fricative, . In Gawar-Bati, the letter is also used to represent voiceless retroflex fricative, .