Arabic–English translators

British explorer, army officer, writer and scholar (1821–1890)

Danish Orientalist and historian (1945–2015)

Palestinian poet, writer, translator and anthologist (1926–2023)

Lebanese-American academic and authority on the Middle East (1886-1978)

Scottish orientalist (1895–1971)

Egyptian novelist

British scholar of Middle East Studies (1905–1969)

German arabist (1914–2003)

English Orientalist 1697?-1736

British orientalist (1857–1901)

Israeli writer (1932-2017)

American poet

Palestinian scholar and writer (1929–2019)

Egyptian historian of science (1924-2013)

American author and translator (1949-2021)

Egyptian academic

Prussian-born British Orientalist and educator (1854–1934)

British writer

Canadian translator

American scholar of Islam (1888–1972)

Palestinian academic, writer and translator

Palestinian academic

u.S.-based Iraqi writer, scholar, and translator

South African Sunni Muslim scholar

American humanities scholar

British orientalist