Archimedes

Archimedes of Syracuse ( ; ) was an Ancient Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, astronomer, and inventor from the city of Syracuse in Sicily. Although few details of his life are known, based on his surviving work, he is considered one of the leading scientists in classical antiquity, and one of the greatest mathematicians of all time. Archimedes anticipated modern calculus and analysis by applying the concept of the infinitesimals and the method of exhaustion to derive and rigorously prove many geometrical theorems, including the area of a circle, the surface area and volume of a sphere

law of physics fundamental to fluid mechanics

machine used for transferring water from a low-lying body of water into irrigation ditches

spiral with constant width between its turnings; in polar coordinates, distance from the origin is linearly proportional to angle

interjection used to celebrate a discovery or invention; a transliteration of a word attributed to Archimedes

gear arrangement

manuscript prayer book written over a work by Archimedes

lunar impact crater

214-212 BCE siege of the Second Punic War ending in the fall of the Hellenistic city of Syracuse to the Roman Republic

large fulcrum based pole with rope and anchor, by hooking ship and applying weight at other end, lift is applied to the vessel capsizing and scuttling it.

thumb|upright=1.4|Syracusia as imagined in 1671. Syracusia (, syrakousía, literally "of Syracuse") was an ancient Greek ship sometimes claimed to be the largest transport ship of antiquity. She was reportedly too big for any port in Sicily, and thus only sailed once from Syracuse in Sicily to Alexandria in the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt, whereupon she was given as a present to Ptolemy III Euergetes. The exact dimension of Syracusia is unknown; Historian Michael Lahanas put it at long, 14 m wide, and 13 m high.

right|thumb|320px|An arbelos (grey region) thumb|Arbelos sculpture in Kaatsheuvel, Netherlands

two congruent circles within an arbelos, tangent to a segment perpendicular to the base

thumb|right|300px|The salinon (red) and the circle (blue) have the same area.

Latin phrase meaning “Do not disturb my circles!”

mathematical treatise attributed to Archimedes

circle in the arbelos congruent to the twin circles

Pseudo-Archimedes is a name given to pseudo-anonymous authors writing under the name of 'Archimedes' as quoted by various sources of the Islamic Golden Age such as Al-Jazari for the construction of water clocks. Archimedes himself is not known to have written any such manuscript as almost all the manuscripts have been lost.