Atoms

Atoms are the basic particles of the chemical elements and the fundamental building blocks of matter. An atom consists of a nucleus of protons and generally neutrons, surrounded by an electromagnetically bound swarm of electrons. The chemical elements are distinguished from each other by the number of protons that are in their atoms. For example, any atom that contains 11 protons is sodium, and any atom that contains 29 protons is copper. Atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons are called isotopes of the same element.

number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom

core of the atom; composed of bound nucleons (protons and neutrons)

rest mass of an atom in its ground state

scientific model of the atom first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904

atom of element hydrogen

atomic nucleus with one electron that behaves like hydrogen

excited atomic quantum state with high principle quantum number (n)

In chemistry, a superatom is any cluster of atoms that seem to exhibit some of the properties of elemental atoms. One example of a superatom is the cluster .

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early atomic model in which electrons were positioned at the eight corners of a cube, accounting for the phenomenon of valency

atom maintained at temperatures close to 0 kelvins, usually in an atomic physics laboratory

mathematical modeling of a helium atom

Dimensionless quantity in spectroscopy

helium-like quantum systems that have a nucleus and two electrons

cloud of atoms that is tossed upwards by lasers in the Earth's gravitational field

density of the nucleus of an atom