Bashar al-Assad

President of Syrian Arab Republic from 2000 to 2024

The Syrian Civil War was an armed conflict that began with the Syrian revolution in March 2011, when popular discontent with the Ba'athist regime ruled by Bashar al-Assad triggered large-scale protests and pro-democracy rallies across Syria, as part of the wider Arab Spring. The Assad regime responded to the protests with lethal force, which led to a series of defections, the emergence of armed opposition groups, and the civilian uprising descending into a civil war. The war lasted almost 14 years and culminated in the fall of the Assad regime in December 2024. Many sources regard this as the end of the civil war even though clashes have continued into 2026.

Syrian state from 1963 to 2024

2024 downfall of the Syrian government

Syrian presidential elections

election

election

short period of time where Syria witnessed political, intellectual, and social openness

National referendum

Assadism () or '''Assadist Ba'athism''' is a radical leftist ideology and a variant of neo-Ba'athism based on the policies and thinking of the Assad family, which governed Syria as a totalitarian hereditary dictatorship from 1971 to 2024. Assadism was characterized by Arab nationalism, socialism, totalitarianism, extreme militarism, and a cult of personality around the Assad family. This period spanned the successive regimes of Hafez al-Assad and his son Bashar al-Assad. The Assads rose to power as a result of the 1970 Syrian coup d'état, leading to the consolidation of Alawite minority domina

former government of Syria (2024)