Behavioral neuroscience

habit of eating either insufficient or excessive food, to the detriment of health

type of neuron associated with empathy

field of scientific study; the application of the principles of biology to the study of physiological, genetic, and developmental mechanisms of behavior in humans and other animals

Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI) or psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology (PNEI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. It is a subfield of psychosomatic medicine. PNI takes an interdisciplinary approach, incorporating psychology, neuroscience, immunology, physiology, genetics, pharmacology, molecular biology, psychiatry, behavioral medicine, infectious diseases, endocrinology, and rheumatology.

group of neural structures responsible for positive emotions

persistent strengthening of synapses based on recent patterns of activity

laboratory apparatus used to study animal behavior

subdivision of behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology)

Study of correlations of neural phenomena with subjective experiences of spirituality and hypotheses to explain these phenomena

The term eustress means "beneficial stress"—either psychological, physical (e.g., exercise), or biochemical/radiological (hormesis).

In internal medicine, relapse or recidivism is a recurrence of a past (typically medical) condition. For example, multiple sclerosis and malaria often exhibit peaks of activity and sometimes very long periods of dormancy, followed by relapse or recrudescence.

interdisciplinary field

Scientific journal

study of brain characteristics that differentiate brains of different sexes

behavioral procedure used in behavioral neuroscience

mechanisms of sexual orientation development in humans

effect of stimulating physical and social surroundings on the brain

Neuropsychopharmacology, an interdisciplinary science related to psychopharmacology (study of effects of drugs on the mind) and fundamental neuroscience, is the study of the neural mechanisms that drugs act upon to influence behavior. It entails research of mechanisms of neuropathology, pharmacodynamics (drug action), psychiatric illness, and states of consciousness. These studies are instigated at the detailed level involving neurotransmission/receptor activity, bio-chemical processes, and neural circuitry. Neuropsychopharmacology supersedes psychopharmacology in the areas of "how" and "why",

The heritability of autism

Enactivism is a position in cognitive science that argues that cognition arises through interaction between an acting organism and its environment. It claims that the environment of an organism is brought about, or enacted, by the active exercise of that organism's sensorimotor processes. "The key point, then, is that the species brings forth and specifies its own domain of problems ...this domain does not exist "out there" in an environment that acts as a landing pad for organisms that somehow drop or parachute into the world. Instead, living beings and their environments stand in relation to

thumb|Advertisement of castor oil as a medicine by Scott & Bowne company, 19th century Palatability (or palatableness) is the hedonic reward (which is pleasure of taste in this case) provided by foods or drinks that are agreeable to the "palate", which often varies relative to the homeostatic satisfaction of nutritional and/or water needs. The palatability of a dish or beverage, unlike its flavor or taste, varies with the state of an individual: it is lower after consumption and higher when deprived. It has increasingly been appreciated that this can create a hunger that is independent of home

meditation and its effect on brain activity

branch of biology

scientific journal

thumbnail|Smile, depicting joy (Ximena Navarrete, [[Miss Universe 2010)]] thumbnail|Wide eyes and raised eyebrows are common indicators of surprise (Figure 20 from Charles Darwin's [[The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals)]] Emotionality is the observable behavioral and physiological component of emotion. It is a measure of a person's emotional reactivity to a stimulus. Most of these responses can be observed by other people, while some emotional responses can only be observed by the person experiencing them. Observable responses to emotion (i.e., smiling) do not have a single meani

Learned society

Neuroergonomics is the application of neuroscience to ergonomics. Traditional ergonomic studies rely predominantly on psychological explanations to address human factors issues such as: work performance, operational safety, and workplace-related risks (e.g., repetitive stress injuries). Neuroergonomics, in contrast, addresses the biological substrates of ergonomic concerns, with an emphasis on the role of the human nervous system.