Biogeography

topographic lines of vegetation arising from differential absorption of rainfall

geographic region which made possible the survival of flora and fauna in times of ice ages and allowed for post-glacial re-colonization

type locality as defined by biology

species distribution extending around the North or South pole

biogeographic region

Temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion in eastern Canada

online marine biology database

hypothesis regarding ecology in formerly glaciated regions

temperate broadleaf and mixed forest ecoregion in Canada and the United States

An Arctic–alpine taxon is one whose natural distribution includes the Arctic and more southerly mountain ranges, particularly the Alps. The presence of identical or similar taxa in both the tundra of the far north, and high mountain ranges much further south is testament to the similar environmental conditions found in the two locations. Arctic–alpine plants, for instance, must be adapted to the low temperatures, extremes of temperature, strong winds and short growing season; they are therefore typically low-growing and often form mats or cushions to reduce water loss through evapotranspiratio

Wikimedia history article

population of a cold-adapted species remaining after its glacier habitat has receded

study of the distribution or space occupied by species

computational prediction of species distribution across geographic space and time

section of the Palearctic biogeographic realm