Biological defense mechanisms

modified shoots, leaves, roots, or extensions of cortice and epidermis

behavior in which animals take on the appearance of being dead

anatomical feature

law stating that bone density changes in response to changes in the functional forces on the bone

Photoprotection is the biochemical process that helps organisms cope with molecular damage caused by sunlight. Plants and other oxygenic phototrophs have developed a suite of photoprotective mechanisms to prevent photoinhibition and oxidative stress caused by excess or fluctuating light conditions. Humans and other animals have also developed photoprotective mechanisms to avoid UV photodamage to the skin, prevent DNA damage, and minimize the downstream effects of oxidative stress.