Biological interactions

differential survival and reproduction of individuals in nature due to differences in phenotype; a key mechanism of evolution

thumb|Lion|Lions are obligate carnivores, since they consume only animal flesh for their nutritional requirements.

thumb|upright=1.35|Remora are specially adapted to attach themselves to larger fish (or other animals, in this case a sea turtle) that provide locomotion and food.

thumb|upright=1.35|The peacock flounder can change its pattern and colours to match its environment. thumb|upright=1.35|A soldier applying camouflage face paint; both helmet and jacket are disruptive coloration|disruptively patterned.|alt=photo of a soldier putting on camouflage face paint

organism relationship in which each individual benefits from the activity of the other

organism that harbors another organism; organism whose resources are used by another organism then called parasite

effect that a pair of organisms (intraspecific or interspecific) living together in an ecosystem have on each other

area a wild animal consistently inhabits, patrols, and possibly defends

interaction between individuals or species; fitness of one organism lowered by the presence of another organism

thumb|right|Owl|Owls are well known for being nocturnal, but some owls are active during the day.

In sociology, popularity is how much a person, idea, place, item or other concept is either liked or accorded status by other people. Liking can be due to reciprocal liking, interpersonal attraction, and similar factors. Social status can be due to dominance, superiority, and similar factors. For example, a kind person may be considered likable and therefore more popular than another person, and a wealthy person may be considered superior and therefore more popular than another person.

In ecology, crypsis is the ability of an animal or a plant to avoid observation or detection by other animals. It may be part of a predation strategy or an antipredator adaptation. Methods include camouflage, nocturnality, subterranean lifestyle and mimicry. Crypsis can involve visual, olfactory (with pheromones) or auditory concealment. When it is visual, the term cryptic coloration, effectively a synonym for animal camouflage, is sometimes used, but many different methods of camouflage are employed in nature.

proposition that two species competing for the same limiting resource cannot coexist at constant population values

Antibiosis, also referred to as antagonism, a process of biological interaction between two or more organisms that is detrimental to at least one of them; it can also be an antagonistic association between an organism and the metabolic substances produced by another. Antibiosis can occur through a variety of mechanisms, with "injury, death, reduced longevity, or reduced reproduction of the pest" being common. The process of antibiosis is either reversible or irreversible, and is caused by the production of volatile organic compounds by plant-growth-promoting rhizobacterium (PGPR). Antibiosis i

where individuals of different species compete for the same resources

members of the same species compete for limited resources

thumb|upright=1.5|The Blowhole (biology)|blowholes of a [[gray whale, with barnacle epibionts]]

ecological observation of high plankton diversity despite competition for few resources

In biology, syntrophy, syntrophism, or cross-feeding () is the cooperative interaction between at least two microbial species to degrade a single substrate. This type of biological interaction typically involves the transfer of one or more metabolic intermediates between two or more metabolically diverse microbial species living in close proximity to each other. Thus, syntrophy can be considered an obligatory interdependency and a mutualistic metabolism between different microbial species, wherein the growth of one partner depends on the nutrients, growth factors, or substrates provided by the

primary nutritional group

substance or object in the environment required by an organism for normal growth, maintenance, and reproduction

mode of nutrition

exploitive behavior in behavioral ecology

killing and sometimes eating of potential competitors

species interactions that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither

core motif of ecological food chains or food webs, and are an umbrella term for a variety of more specialized types of biological species interactions including prey-predator, host-parasite, plant-herbivore and victim-exploiter systems

biological interrelationship

mechanism of sexual selection

Microbivory (adj. microbivorous, microbivore) is a feeding behavior consisting of eating microbes (especially bacteria) practiced by animals of the mesofauna, microfauna and meiofauna.