Blackletter

Blackletter (also black letter or sometimes black-letter; sometimes popularly known as Gothic minuscule or Gothic type) was originally a medieval book hand (Textualis or Textura) of the Gothic family of scripts, later adapted into typefaces and still used in modern calligraphy and typesetting.

thumb|A modern sans-serif and four blackletter typefaces (left to right): Textur(a), Rotunda, [[Schwabacher and Fraktur.]]

'''''' (, ' script') is the last widely used form of , the historical form of German handwriting script that evolved alongside German blackletter (most notably ') typefaces. Graphic artist Ludwig Sütterlin was commissioned by the Prussian Ministry of Science, Art and Education (') to create a modern handwriting script in 1911. His handwriting scheme gradually replaced the older cursive scripts that had developed in the 16th century at the same time that letters in books had developed into Fraktur. The name '''' is nowadays often used to refer to several similar varieties of old German handwrit

thumb|right|Danish script () from about 1800 with ⟨Æ⟩ and ⟨Ø⟩ at the end of the alphabet. thumb|right|Sample font table of German handwriting by Kaushik Carlini, 2021.

thumb|A page from the Nuremberg Chronicle (Schedelsche Weltchronik), 1493 Schwabacher typefaces (pronounced ) were a style of blackletter typefaces which evolved from Gothic Textualis (Textura) under the influence of Humanist type design in Italy during the 15th century. Schwabacher typesetting was the most common typeface in Germany, until it was replaced by Fraktur from the mid 16th century onwards. In the course of the 18th and 19th centuries (but in Germany not until 1941), Fraktur gave way in turn to Antiqua.

historical variant of the Latin letter R

blackletter script common in southern Europe during the middle age

Bastarda or bastard, also known as Hybrid, Hybrida, or Mongrel Hand, is a term applied to a variety of scripts and typefaces originating in western Europe during the Renaissance. They were often used as Business or Court Hands.